Eating Disorders Flashcards
What are the core problems identified in eating disorders
- restrictive eating
- binge eating
- compensatory behaviours
What are essential cognitive and affective features in eating disorders?
- pathological concern about weight and shape and their control
- fear of weight gain
feeling fat despite being in the normal weight range - feeling fat despite being in the normal weight range
- maladaptive beliefs about eating, exercise, and desired body
what is the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa
- significantly low body weight
- fear of weight gain or possibility of being overweight
- body image disturbance and overvaluation of weight
what are the specifiers for AN
- restricting type
- binge eating / purging type
- atypical anorexia nervosa
What is the impact of malnutrition
- cold extremities
- skin becomes dry and hair falls out
- body becomes coated with lanugo
- menstruation becomes irregular and stops
- calcium lost
- growth can be slowed or stopped
- cardiac muscles weaken
What is the impact of bulimia nervosa
- repeated episodes of binge eating
- repeated episodes of behaviour intended to compensate for overeating to avoid weight gain
- once a week for 3 months
- overvaluation of shape or weight
- does not meet criteria for AN
What are the specifiers for BN
- bulimia nervosa of low frequency
What are objective binge episodes
eating more than most people would in a similar situation and in a discrete period of time with a sense of loss of control over the eating
What is the typical BN eating pattern
- little to no breakfast or lunch
- intake postponed to as late in the data as possible
- binge at a time it would not be expected
What are triggers for binge eating
- emotions
- lapses in self-awareness
- interpersonal stressors
- the presence of tempting food
- feeling that the dieting rule has broken
- body-image dissatisfaction
- skipping meals
- getting extremely hungry
are individuals diagnosed with BN typically in a normal weight range
yes
What are the medical complications associated with BN
- electrolyte abnormalities
- esophageal complications
- gastrointestinal symptoms
- renal system problems
- menstrual irregularities
- thyroid dysfunction
- reflex constipation
- loss of normal colonic function
What is the diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder
- repeated episodes of binge eating in which the individual eats a large amount of food and experiences a loss of control
- episodes of binge eating characterized by an increased rate of eating, eating beyond the point of fullness, eating in the absence of physical hunger, eating alone, feelings of disgust
- causes distress
- occurs once a week for three months
- does not meet criteria fro AN or BN
What are the specifiers for BED
- binge-eating disorder of low frequency
- purging disorder
are individuals with BED often overweight
yes
What are the medical problems associated with BED
- risk for the development of obesity
- GI distress
What are the diagnostic criteria for unspecified eating disorder
symptoms characteristics of an eating disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning predominate but do not meet the full criteria for any of the aforementioned eating disorders
what is the prevalence of AN
1%
What is the age of onset for AN
14-18
What is the prevalence for BN
0.6-2.6%
What is the age of onset for BN
late adolescence and early adulthood
what is the prevalence for BED
2% to 5%
what is the sex ratio for BED
1:2:1
What is the onset of BED
late adolescence and early adulthood
what are eating disorders comorbid with
- mood disorders
- anxiety (social phobia and OCD)
- substance use
- personality disorders
What is the multi-factorial etiology for eating disorders
- bio-genetic factors
- psychological factors
- environmental factors
- sociocultural factors
What are other etiological factors for eating disorders
- drive for thinness
- puberty in girls
- genetic risk
- childhood abuse
- family
What are the goals of CBT for eating disorders
- normalize eating behaviours
- address core cognitive features - overconcern with weight and shape
What are the modules in CBT for body satisfaction
- psychoeducation
- understanding the link between thoughts, feelings and behaviour
- self-monitoring of negative body image behaviour
- exposure response prevention
- cognitive restructuring
- relapse prevention planning
What is the goal of appetite awareness training
to shift attention away from the typical overfocus on food type and to promote resilience instead on internal appetite cues to guide eating decisions
what is specialist supportive individual therapy
- focuses on using the therapeutic relationship to promote adherence and encourage adequate nutritional intake
- focus on making behavioural changes in eating patterns within a supportive motivation-enhancing stance
- minimizes patient resistance and reduces fears
