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Module 3 Anatomy > Pterygopalatine fossa > Flashcards

Pterygopalatine fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What is the clinical term for hayfever?

A

allergic rhinitis

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2
Q

What are the hay fever symptoms?

A
  • sneezing & stuffy, runny nose
  • watery eyes
  • allergy to pollen
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3
Q

How is hay fever caused?

A

Allergy to an irritant

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4
Q

What happens during hayfever?

A

Acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa: dilated blood vessels.

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5
Q

What causes the secretion of excess mucous (runny/stuff nose) and tear production of lacrimal gland?

A

The activation of the “ganglion of hayfever” (pterygopalatine ganglion)

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6
Q

Where is the pterygopalatine fossa located?

A
  • Beneath the apex of the orbital cone
  • Anterior to the pterygoid process
  • Posterior to the maxilla
  • Medial to the infra-temporal bone
  • Lateral to the poster-superior part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
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7
Q

What sits below the pterygopalatine fossa, and between the pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone behind and the maxilla anteriorly?

A

The pterygomaxillary fissure

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8
Q

What does the pterygomaxillary fissure open into?

A

The pterygopalatine fossa.

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9
Q

What does the ptergomandibular fossa communicate with?

A

Other multiple areas of the skull;

  • the orbit : via inferior orbital fissure (anteriorly)
  • the middle cranial fossa: via foramen rotunda & pterygoid canal (posteriorly)
  • the infra temporal fossa: via pterygomaxillary fissure (laterally)
  • the nasal cavity: via sphenopalatine foramen (medially)
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10
Q

What does the pterygopalatine fossa contain?

A
  1. 1/3 part of the maxillary artery
  2. CNVb (maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve)
  3. Pterygopalatine ganglion (“ganglion of hay fever”)
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11
Q

Where does the first part of the maxillary artery sits ?

A

Before the lateral pterygoid muscle

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12
Q

Where does the second part of the maxillary artery sits ?

A

Deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle

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13
Q

Where does the third part of the maxillary artery sits ?

A

After/medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle

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14
Q

The third part of the maxillary artery gives off the sphenopalatine artery, where does this artery head through and end up?

A

Travels through the sphenopalatine foramen and ends up in the nasal cavity.

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15
Q

The third part of the maxillary artery gives off the descending palatine artery, what does this artery supply?

A

Supplies palate and nasal cavity

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16
Q

The third part of the maxillary artery gives off the posterior, middle and inferior superior alveolar artery, what does these arteries supply

A

The posterior upper dentition.

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17
Q

Where does the infra orbital foramen open out onto?

A

The face

18
Q

What branches does the infra orbital foramen give off?

A

It gives off the middle and anterior superior alveolar arteries.

19
Q

What do the middle and anterior superior alveolar arteries?

A

The middle and anterior upper dentition.

20
Q

What artery supplies the molars?

A

The posterior superior alveolar artery

21
Q

What artery supplies the anterior dentition?

A

anterior superior alveolar artery

22
Q

What artery supplies the premolars?

A

The middle superior alveolar artery

23
Q

What does the third part of the maxillary artery also supply (via infraorbital artery branch) ?

A

The skin of the face

24
Q

Which arteries supply the palate?

A

Greater palatine artery: supplies hard palate

Lesser palatine artery: supplies soft palate

25
Q

Which artery supplies the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Which nerve supplies this lateral wall?

A

Predominantly supplied by greater and lesser palatine arteries and nerves

26
Q

Which artery supplies the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

Which nerve supplies the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Predominantly supplied by sphenopalatine artery.

Supplied by nasopalatine nerve

27
Q

What nerve branch supplies the anterosuperior part of the lateral and medial wall of the nasal cavity?

A

The anterior ethmoidal branch of nasociliary nerve (CNV1).

28
Q

What nerve branch supplies the posteriosuperior part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Lateral nasal branches of greater palatine nerve (V2)

29
Q

What nerve branch supplies the posteriosuperior part of the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasopalatine nerve (CNV2)

30
Q

What does the zygomatic branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve give off?

A

The zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial branches

31
Q

What nerve does the zygomatic branch have a connecting to?

A

The lacrimal nerve (V1)

32
Q

What sits within the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

The pterygopalatine ganglion.

33
Q

Aswell as supplying the premolars and the anterior dentition, what do the middle and anterior superior alveolar nerve also supply?

A

Supply mucosa of the maxillary sinus and the gingiva associated with the labial and buccal region

34
Q

State the 4 step pathway of the preganglionic sympathetic fibres from the brain.

A
  1. Travel down the spinal cord
  2. Exit the spinal cord in T1 spinal nerve
  3. Travel superiorly in the sympathetic chain
  4. Synapse in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion.
35
Q

Where do the post synaptic sympathetic fibres then travel to?

A

The internal carotid nerve.

36
Q

What does the internal carotid nerve do to the post synaptic sympathetic fibres?

A

Transmits them onto the surface of the internal carotid artery, where they form a plexus.

37
Q

where do the post synaptic sympathetic nerve fibres go after the plexus is formed?

A

Travel from plexus through deep petrosal nerve. This nerve then passes through the pterygoid canal, passing through the pterygoid ganglion to then distribute its branches.

38
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply referred to as?

A

The craniosacral supply

39
Q

What cranial nerve is related to the nasal cavity?

A

CNVII

40
Q

What forms the nerve of the pterygoid canal?

What does the nerve of the pterygoid canal contain?

A

Deep petrosal nerve and greater petrosal nerve

Pre and post ganglionic parasympathetic fibres

41
Q

What are the roles of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Relays general sensation from;

  • midface skin
  • maxillary teeth and gingivae
  • mucosa of maxillary sinus
  • walls of the nasal cavity
  • hard and soft palate

Distributes sympathetic and parasympathetic secret-motor fibres from pterygopalatine ganglion to:

  • lacrimal gland
  • mucous glands of nasal cavity
  • minor salivary glands of the palate.

Module 3 Anatomy (2 decks)

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