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PTB Flashcards

1
Q

it is used to identify pathogenic organisms and to determine whether malignant cells are present

A

SPUTUM STUDIES

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2
Q

what is the usual method of obtaining a sputum sample?

A

Expectoration

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3
Q

When obtaining a sputum sample, a nurse should instruct the patient to

A

Inhale and deplate

to get the sputum at the base of the lungs

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4
Q

best time to obtain sputum sample

A

early in the morning

the microoganisms accumulate overnight

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5
Q

Sputum specimen should be delivered to the lab within ____

A

2 hours

to prevent overgrowth of microorganisms

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6
Q

TWO TYPES OF TUBERCULOSIS

A
  1. Pulmonary Tuberculosis
  2. Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
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7
Q

The nurse offers _______ after the collection of specimen in sputum studies.

A

oral hygiene

provide comfort

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8
Q

TB causative agents

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Mycobacterium Africanum
  • Mycobacterium bovis
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9
Q

TB among children is called ______

A

Primary Complex

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10
Q

4 mode of transmissions of TB

( A-D-D-I )

A

Airborne, Droplet, Direct invasion, Ingestion of unpasteurized milk or dairy products

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11
Q

To prevent the transmission of airborne microoorganisms, nurse x must wear ____.

A

N95/well fitted respirator mask

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12
Q

transmission of smaller particles/microrganism

A

Airborne

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13
Q

transmission of bigger particles/microrganism

A

Droplet

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14
Q

It is a rare mode of transmission where in a person must wear gloves, mask, and gown as precautionary measures. Nurses must leave the PPE’s in the patient room before going out.

A

Direct invasion

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15
Q

what are the extreme temperatures to destroy microorganisms

A

63° C in 30 mins and 71.6° C degrees in 15 secs

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16
Q

Incubation Period of TB

A

2-8 weeks

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17
Q

How long must a patient adhere to the pTB regimen in order to become non-contagious?

A

2-4 weeks

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18
Q

patients/ people under CLOSED CONTACTS are

A

those who stayed in an ENCLOSED SPACE FOR 3 MONTHS

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19
Q

patients/ people under HIGH RISK GROUP are

A

those who stayed in a CLOSED ENVIRONMENT (prison/inmates)

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20
Q

patients/ people under HIGH RISK CLINICAL GROUP are

A

Patients with AIDS, HIV, DM, Renal Failure

(immunocompromised)

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21
Q

6 CARDINAL SIGNS of PULMONARY TB

( P-H-L-A-W-N)

A

Persistent Cough
Hemoptysis
Low Grade Fever ( in the afternoon)
Anorexia
Weight Loss
Night Sweats

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22
Q

what are the three Dx Tests for pTB?

( D-C-T )

A
  • Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy (DSSM)
  • Chest X-ray
  • Tuberculin Skin Test
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23
Q

What will you instruct to a patient when applying the SPOT/Conventional Therapy

A

Ask the patient to go back early in the morning to collect his/her sputum

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24
Q

when will you obtain the sputum sample when applying the “SPOT-SPOT” method ?

A

1ST SPOT: Collect after the chief complaint/ on the spot
2ND SPOT: After 1 hour
3RD SPOT: Early in the next morning

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25
. Tuberculin Skin Test: +10 mm means?
Exposed patients/Positive pTB
26
Tuberculin Skin Test: +5 mm means?
immunocompromised patients (AIDS,HIV patients)/Positive pTB
27
A patient that is NOT yet diagnosed/with TB before & taking TB drugs for 2 months is classified as ?
new TB
28
After receiving treatment for her TB, patient C was rediagnosed with the illness, which is categorized as?
Relapse patients
29
The TB treatment for Patient A was unsuccessful. This is categorized as?
Treatment after failure patients
30
RETURN AFTER DEFAULT; loss of contact/follow-up for 2 months is classified as?
Treatment after loss to follow-up patients
31
The man has no known treatment/undocumented TB treatment is identified to be marked as ?
Other previously treated patients
32
Patient K does not fit in any category under classification of previous TB treatment is marked as ?
Patients with unknown previous TB treatment history
33
DOTS- Directly Observed Treatment Short Course is done in ______
health center/clinic
34
How long is the Intensive Phase of DOTS
2 months
35
How long is the Maintenance Phase of DOTS
4 months
36
First Line of drugs in PTB
Rifampicin , Izoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Streptomycin
37
What are the two classes of second line drugs in PTB?
Amino glycosides and Fluoroquinolones
38
Multi-drug Therapy is applied in PTB treatment to?
To reduce resistance particulary to Isoniazid & Rifampicin
39
the nurse knows that she will discontinue administering RIPE drugs to PTB patient if she observes:
Jaundice
40
discontinue administering ethambutol if the patient portrays
Visual impairment
41
Tinnitus and hearing impairment are caused by what drug under the PTB Multi-drug Therapy?
Streptomycin
42
Oliguria and albuminuria are caused by what drug under the PTB Multi-drug Therapy?
Streptomycin & Rifampicin
43
Isoniazid can cause ?
Psychosis and convulsion
44
Thrombocytopenia and anemia are caused by what drug under the PTB Multi-drug Therapy?
Rifampicin
45
Multiple Drug Resistance TB (MDR-TB) means ?
Resistant to Isoniazid and Rifampicin
46
Extensively Drug Resistance TB (XDR-TB) is resistant to what drug/s?
Isoniazid, Rifampicin, and Fluoroquinolones
47
Extremely Drug Resistance TB (XXDR-TB) is resistant to what drug/s?
Resistant to Isoniazid, Rifampicin, and Fluoroquinolones
48
Total Drug Resistance TB (TDR-TB) is resistant to what drug/s?
Resistant to Isoniazid, Rifampicin, and Fluoroquinolones
49
It is a diagnostic procedure that detects fluids, tumors, foreign bodies and other pathologic conditions
CHEST X-RAY
50
Side effect of Rifampicin
Red-orange urine/secretions
51
What vitamin will you give for a patient taking Izoniazid?
Vitamin B6
52
Streptomycin is contraindicated to Pott's dse because?
It can damage the Cranial Nerve VIII
53
Do we offer mouthwash before taking specimen/sputum?
No, water only | mouthwash kills the microorganisms and may lead to innacurate results
54
Two Sputum: Positive
Positive pTB
55
Two Sputum: One negative, One positive
Obtain Chest X-ray
56
How many hours will you wait for the 2nd spot in SPOT-SPOT??
1 hr
57
mm: HIV
5 mm
58
drugs listed under C1, intensive phase
2HRZE (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol)
59
drugs listed under C1, maintenance phase
4HR (Isoniazid, Rifampicin )
60
drugs listed under C2, maintenance phase
5HRE (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol)
61
drugs listed under C2, intensive phase
2HRZES (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide,Ethambutol,Streptomycin)
62
patients classified as : New pTB, Extensive Parenchyma Lesions are under the category treatment of ? | ( C1, C2, C3 or C4)
C1
63
patients classified as : Relapse, Treatment failure, return after default,and others are under the category treatment of ? | ( C1, C2, C3 or C4)
C2
64
patients classified as : New pTB; with minimal lesions are under the category treatment of ? | ( C1, C2, C3 or C4)
C3
65
patients classified as : Chronic pTB; Positive TB after supervise treatment , are under the category treatment of ? | ( C1, C2, C3 or C4)
C4
66
drugs under C3, Intensive Phase are?
2HRZ (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide)
67
drugs under C3, maintenance phase are ?
4HR (Isoniazid,Rifampicin)
68
Amikacin, Kanamycin, and Capreomycin are drugs under?
Second line: Amino glycosides
69
Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin amd Levofloxacin are drugs under?
Second line: Fluoroquinolones
70
it is an airway clearance technique (ACT) to clear the lungs
CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY
71
the main goal of performing the chest physiotherapy is to ___?
to remove tracheobronchial secretions
72
how long do we perform the Chest Physiotherapy?
20-40 MINUTES
73
what is the best time to perform chest physiotherapy?
1. Upon awakening 2. Before meals 3. 30 mins to 2hrs after meals; to prevent aspiration 4. At bed time ; to prevent sleep disturbance.
74
are we allowed to perform CPT on bare skin?
No
75
CPT is done in patients with Airbone Infections. True / false?
false | increases the risks for transmision of microorganisms
76
what kind of clothes are allowed for the patient to wear in CPT?
Light, soft clothing, such as a T-shirt
77
The patient can wear tight clothing, jewelry, buttons, and zippers around the neck, chest and waist during CPT. True or False?
False | no tight clothing, jewelry,buttons,zippers around neck, waist and chest
78
Classifications of CPT
- Postural Drainage - Percussion - Vibration
79
it involves positioning a person with the assistance of gravity to aid the normal airway clearance mechanism
Postural Drainage
80
Length of time to hold Positions under postural drainage
3-15 minutes
81
Positions under Postural Drainage?
Sitting, Trendelenburg, Prone,Side-lying
82
This position includes placing a small pillow under head, 2 pillows under bent knees.
Trendelenburg
83
This position includes putting 2 or 3 pillows under stomach so that chest is lower than hips.
Prone
84
This position includes placing a small pillow under head and 2 or 3 pillows under hips
Side-lying
85
Under postural drainage, what breathing technique must be instructed to the patient ?
Breathe in through nose and out through mouth.Always breathe out for longer than breathe in. | This allows lungs to empty as much as possible.
86
This is accomplished by rhythmically striking the thorax/chest wall with a cupped hand or mechanical device directly over the lung segment(s) being drained. Also referred to as cupping, clapping, and tapotement
Percussion
87
How long do we perform percussion?
2-3 mins; maximum 5 mins
88
Special attention must be taken to not clap over the:
1. Spine, Breastbone, Stomach 2. Lower ribs or back | 1. may cause fracture 2. May cause damage to spleen, kidneys , liver
89
it involves the application of a fine tremorous action/ rapid vibratory impulse is transmitted through the chest wall from the flattened hands to loosen and dislodge the airway secretions
Vibration
90
how long do we perform vibration under the CPT?
15 seconds

Renal and Respiratory Procedures (3 decks)

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