PTA110/120 Midterm Review Pt. 2

Question 1

what are the characteristics of the Left brain hemisphere?

Answer 1

• language
• sequence and perform movements
• understand language
• produce written and spoken language
• analytical
• controlled
• logical
• rational
• mathematic calculations
• express positive emotions such as love and happiness
• process verbally coded information in an organized, logical and sequential

Question 2

what are the characteristics of the Right brain hemisphere?

Answer 2

• nonverbal processing
• process information in a holistic manner
• artistic ability
• general concept comprehension
• hand/eye coordination
• spatial relationships
• kinesthetic awareness
• understand music
• understand nonverbal communication
• mathematic reasoning
• express negative emotions
• body image awareness

Question 3

how many hemispheres does the cerebrum have?

Answer 3

2, Left and Right

Question 4

what connects the left and right hemispheres?

Answer 4

the corpus callosum

Question 5

what does each hemisphere have?

Answer 5

layers of cells that are convoluted forming gyri and sulci

Question 6

what are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 6

• frontal
• parietal
• occipital
• temporal

Question 7

what is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 7

movement, expressive speech, personalityw

Question 8

what is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 8

vision

Question 9

what is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 9

behavior, hearing and language perception

Question 10

what is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 10

sensory

Question 11

what are the functions of the thalamus?

Answer 11

• relay station for sensation
• pain perception

Question 12

what are the functions of the hypothalamus?

Answer 12

• hormonal regulation
• behavior

Question 13

what is the function for the basal ganglia?

Answer 13

coordination of movement

Question 14

the _____ refers to a group of subcortical nuclei responsible for _____ control, as well as other roles like _____ learning, executive functions and behaviors, and ______.

Answer 14

• basal ganglia
• motor
• motor learning
• emotions

Question 15

which of the following is not part of the basal ganglia?

a. caudate nucleus
b. globus pallidus
c. hypothalamus
d. putamen
e. substantia nigra pars reticulata
f. subthalamic nucleus
g. ventral pallidum

Answer 15

c. hypothalamus

Question 16

where does the spinal cord end for adults?

Answer 16

L2

Question 17

spinal nerve roots _____ to their respective intervertebral foramina

Answer 17

ascend

Question 18

what is the cauda equina?

Answer 18

bundle of nerve roots at the very end of the spinal cord, which provides sensory and motor functions to the legs, bladder and pelvic area

Question 19

what is the Filum Terminale?

Answer 19

thread-like filament that attaches the conus medullaris to the coccyx

Question 20

how many spinal nerve pairs are there?

Answer 20

31 pairs

Question 21

how many cervical spinal nerves are there?

Answer 21

8

Question 22

how many thoracic spinal nerves are there?

Answer 22

12

Question 23

how many lumbar spinal nerves are there?

Answer 23

5

Question 24

how many sacral spinal nerves are there?

Answer 24

5

Question 25

how many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?

Answer 25

1

Question 26

list the 12 cranial nerves in order

Answer 26

i. olfactory ii. optic iii. oculomotor iv. trochlear v. trigeminal vi. abducens vii. facial viii. vestibulocochlear ix. glossopharyngeal x. vagus xi. spinal accessory xii. hypoglossal

Question 27

what is the CNS?

Question 28

what is the PNS?

Question 29

what is the ANS?

Question 30

what is the sympathetic system?

Question 31

what is the parasympathetic?

Question 32

what cervical vertebra does the superior trunk arise from?

Answer 32

C5, C6

Question 33

what cervical vertebra does the middle trunk arise from?

Answer 33

C7

Question 34

what does cervical vertebra does the inferior trunk arise from?

Answer 34

C8, T1

Question 35

what is an electrocardiogram?

Answer 35

graphical representation of the heart's electrical activity

Question 36

what is the P wave?

Answer 36

atrial depolarization

Question 37

what is the QRS wave?

Answer 37

ventricular depolarization

Question 38

what is the T wave?

Answer 38

ventricular repolarization

Question 39

describe the blood pathway through the heart

Question 40

per textbook, what is considered a normal value for blood pressure?

Question 41

what is an anatomic pathology?

Answer 41

study of tissue, organs, tumors

Question 42

what is a cytopathology?

Answer 42

study of cellular changes and everything related to cells

Question 43

what is a forensic pathology?

Answer 43

doing autopsies to determine COD; investigation or unnatural or sudden death

Question 44

what is molecular pathology?

Answer 44

study of DNA and RNA sequencing, genes & genetics

Question 45

what are the several causes for disease?

Answer 45

- intrinsic - extrinsic - idiopathic - nosocomial

Question 46

what are the 5 types of disease?

Answer 46

1. degenerative 2. inflammatory 3. neoplastic 4. congenital & hereditary 5. metabolic

Question 47

what are genes?

Answer 47

chemical messengers of heredity

Question 48

what does DNA stand for?

Answer 48

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 49

what does the Human Genome Project consist of?

Answer 49

30,000 genes and 23 chromosomes

Question 50

homeostasis requires appropriate levels of _____ and _____

Answer 50

electrolytes, pH

Question 51

what is Na+

Answer 51

sodium

Question 52

what is K+

Answer 52

potassium

Question 53

what is Ca++

Answer 53

calcium

Question 54

what is Cl-

Answer 54

chloride

Question 55

what is CO2

Answer 55

carbon dioxide

Question 56

what is BUN

Answer 56

blood urea nitrogen

Question 57

what is Cr

Answer 57

creatine

Question 58

what is Glu

Answer 58

glucose