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PTA 103 > PTA 103 Final Exam > Flashcards

PTA 103 Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

LRAD

A

Least restrictive assistive device

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2
Q

What receptors receive pain?

A

Nociceptors

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3
Q

When would you use a 2 person dependent lift?

A

If a person is very weak or unresponsive.

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4
Q

What do you use to clean the surfaces after you work with a patient with c.diff?

A

Bleach wipes. Wash hands with soap and water for 3 minutes.

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5
Q

When would you teach a patient to use anterior/posterior transfer?

A

Amputees, patients with strong arms and a strong core.

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6
Q

What is the camber of a wheelchair?

A

The angle of the wheelchair. Increased angle for patients who play sports in their wheelchairs.

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7
Q

NWB Status and device

A

Non-weight-bearing, crutches or a walker.

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8
Q

PWB and devices

A

Partial weight-bearing, crutches or walker.

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9
Q

TTWB and device

A

Toe-Touch Weight Bearing, crutches or a walker.

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10
Q

WBAT and devices

A

Weight-Bearing As Tolerated, many options. Depends on tolerated weight. Hemi-walker, SBQC, LBQC, cane, etc.

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11
Q

FWB

A

Full Weight-Bearing, cane.

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12
Q

Two Point Gait Pattern

A
  • AD + Contralateral LE advance SIMULTANEOUSLY
  • 2 bilateral devices, crutches or canes
  • Modified version: Remove one unilateral device, AD + contralateral LE still move SIMULTANEOUSLY, then uninvolved LE advances
  • STEP-TO: Uninvolved LE MEETS the involved LE
  • STEP-THROUGH: Uninvolved LE PASSES the involved LE
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13
Q

Three-Point Gait Pattern

(Used for NWB)

A
  • BIL AD + NWB LE advance, then the unaffected LE advances
  • 2 axillary or Loftstrand crutches
  • Modified Version: Same sequence but patient is allowed
  • STEP-TO: Uninvolved LE MEETS the involved LE
  • STEP-THROUGH: Uninvolved LE PASSES the involved LE
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14
Q

Four-Point Gait Pattern

A
  • Unilateral AD advances, opposite LE advances, remaining AD advances, remaining LE advances
  • 2 bilateral crutches or canes
  • Modified Version: Remove one unilateral device, AD advances, involved LE advances, uninvolved LE advances
  • STEP-TO: Uninvolved LE MEETS the involved LE
  • STEP-THROUGH: Uninvolved LE PASSES the involved LE
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15
Q

Phases of Motor Learning

A
  • Cognitive (dementia, CVA, etc.) - many errors, needs clear instruction and frequent cues
  • Associative - fewer errors, beginning to develop an internal frame of reference
  • Autonomous (independent) - they are performing the new task successfully
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16
Q

When things go WRONG, you need to:

A
  • Bring patient in as close as possible to your body
  • Call out for HELP and a chair
  • Get yourself in a low straddle position so that you can allow the patient to “sit” on one of your thighs
  • If you cannot support the patient on your thigh, slowly lower to the floor with them
  • If a patient is going to come in contact with the floor, protect their head, and control the speed of the fall
  • If a patient falls on the stairs, if possible, keep them upright by sandwiching them to the wall. If you cannot stop them there, then control the speed of the movement and lower their buttocks onto the closest stair
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17
Q

If using a unilateral AD, the device is used on the…

A

Opposite side of the injury (the strong side)

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18
Q

On which side should you guard a patient?

A

Guard from the weaker side

19
Q

How can you tell if a patient is ready to use a cane?

A

Do advanced gait training on parallel bars or on different surfaces.

20
Q

MMT Grades

A
21
Q

Shoulder Flexion MMT - Gravity Resisted

* Remember - Thumbs up (maintain neutral position of the humerus)

A
  • Pt. seated
  • Stabilize shoulder
  • Palpate anterior deltoid fibers
  • Take patient through PROM
  • Have patient do AROM
  • Apply resistance if 3 or above
22
Q

Shoulder Flexion MMT Position - Gravity Eliminated

* Remember - Thumbs up (maintain neutral position of the humerus)

A
  • Sidelying
  • Use table or powder board
  • Stabilize shoulder, palpate anterior deltoid fibers
  • Take patient through PROM
  • Have patient do AROM
  • If patient has 2+, try gravity resisted position
23
Q

Shoulder Extension MMT Position - Gravity Resisted

A
  • Prone
  • Stabilize thorax
  • Palpate latissimus dorsi
  • Perform PROM on patient
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • Apply resistance if 3
24
Q

Shoulder Extension MMT Position - Gravity Eliminated

A
  • Sidelying
  • Use a table or powder board
  • Stabilize thorax
  • Palpate latissimus dorsi
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 2+, try gravity resisted position
25
Q

Shoulder Abduction MMT Position - Gravity Resisted

* Remember - Only to 90o of shoulder abduction

A
  • Seated
  • Stabilize superior aspect of shoulder
  • Palpate middle deltoid
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 3, apply resistance
26
Q

Shoulder Abduction MMT Position - Gravity Eliminated

* Remember - only to 90o of shoulder abduction

A
  • Supine
  • Use table or powder board
  • Stabilize superior aspect of ipsilateral shoulder
  • Palpate middle deltoid
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 2+, try gravity resisted
27
Q

Shoulder Abduction in Scapular Plane MMT Position - Gravity Resisted

* 30o angle anterior to frontal plane

A
  • Seated
  • Stabilize superior aspect of ipsilateral shoulder
  • Have patient move arm into 30o angle anterior to frontal plane
  • Palpate supraspinatus
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient AROM
  • If 3, apply resistance
28
Q

Shoulder Horizontal Abduction MMT Position - Gravity Resisted

A
  • Prone
  • Stabilize over ipsilateral scapula
  • Palpate posterior deltoid fibers
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 3, apply resistance
29
Q

Shoulder Horizontal Abduction MMT Position - Gravity Eliminated

A
  • Seated with shoulder abducted to 90o
  • Use a table or powder board
  • Stabilize ipsilateral scapula
  • Palpate posterior deltoid fibers
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 2+, try gravity resisted
30
Q

Shoulder Horizontal Adduction MMT Position - Gravity Resisted

A
  • Supine, arm at 90o
  • Stabilize over ipsilateral shoulder
  • Palpate pectoralis major
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 3, add resistance
31
Q

Shoulder Horizontal Adduction MMT Position - Gravity Eliminated

A
  • Seated, shoulder in 90o
  • Use table or powder board
  • Stabilize superior aspect of ipsilateral shoulder
  • Palpate pectoralis major
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 2+, try gravity resisted
32
Q

Shoulder Medial/Internal Rotation MMT Position - Gravity Resisted

A
  • Prone, arm hanging vertically off table, towel under arm to maintain 90o
  • Stabilize over ipsilateral thorax
  • Palpate subscapularis deep in axilla
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 3, add resistance
    *
33
Q

Shoulder Medial/Internal Rotation MMT Position - Gravity Eliminated

A
  • Prone, scooted close to edge, arm hanging off of table
  • Stabilize over ipsilateral thorax
  • Palpate subscapularis
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 2+, try gravity resisted
34
Q

Shoulder Lateral/External Rotation MMT Position - Gravity Resisted

A
  • Prone, arm at 90o, towel under humerus to maintain horizontal position
  • Stabilize over ipsilateral thorax
  • Palpate infraspinatus and teres minor below spine of scapula
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 3, add resistance
35
Q

Shoulder Lateral/External Rotation MMT Position - Gravity Eliminated

A
  • Prone, arm hanging off side of table
  • Stabilize over ipsilateral thorax
  • Palpate infraspinatus and teres minor below the scapular spine
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 2+, try gravity resisted
36
Q

Elbow Flexion MMT Position - Gravity Resisted

A
  • Seated, anatomical position
  • Stabilize over anterosuperior aspect of ipsilateral humerus
  • Palpate biceps brachii
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 3, add resistance
37
Q

Elbow Flexion MMT Position - Gravity Eliminated

A
  • Seated, shoulder abducted to 90o, forearm pronated
  • Use table or powder board
  • Stabilize over anterosuperior aspect of ipsilateral humerus
  • Palpate biceps brachii
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 2+, try gravity resisted
38
Q

Elbow Extension MMT Position - Gravity Resisted

A
  • Supine, arm in 90o shoulder flexion, full elbow flexion, full forearm supination
  • Stabilize over the anterosuperior aspect of ipsilateral shoulder
  • Palpate triceps
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 3, add resistance
39
Q

Elbow Extension MMT Position - Gravity Eliminated

A
  • Seated, shoulder abducted at 90o, elbow fully flexed, forearm supinated
  • Use table or powder board
  • Stabilize over the anterosuperior aspect of ipsilateral shoulder
  • Palpate triceps
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 2+, try gravity resisted
40
Q

Forearm Supination MMT Position - Gravity Resisted

A
  • Seated with upper extremity in 0o shoulder abduction, 90o elbow flexion, full forearm pronation
  • Stabilize inferolateral aspect of humerus
  • Palpate biceps and supinator
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 3, add resistance
41
Q

Forearm Supination MMT Position - Gravity Eliminated

A
  • Seated with upper extremity in 90o shoulder flexion, 90o elbow flexion, full forearm pronation
  • Stabilize posterior aspect of elbow
  • Palpate supinator and biceps
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 2+, try gravity resisted
42
Q

Forearm Pronation MMT Position - Gravity Resisted

A
  • Seated with upper extremity in 0o shoulder abduction, 90o elbow flexion, full forearm supination
  • Stabilize over inferolateral aspect of humerus
  • Palpate pronator teres
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 3, add resistance
43
Q

Forearm Pronation MMT Position - Gravity Eliminated

A
  • Seated with upper extremity at 90o shoulder flexion, 90o elbow flexion, and full forearm supination
  • Use table or powder board
  • Stabilize on anterior surface of arm
  • Palpate pronator teres along forearm
  • Perform PROM
  • Have patient perform AROM
  • If 2+, try gravity resisted
44
Q
A

PTA 103 (2 decks)

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