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PTA 103 > MidTerm > Flashcards

MidTerm Flashcards

Taken from the study guide Prof Laird handed us.

1
Q

Airborne Precautions - MTV

A

M - measles

T - TB

V - varicella (private room)

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2
Q

Body Mechanics Guidelines

A
  • Plan ahead
  • Position yourself close to the load
  • Test the load before lifting!
  • Maintain a wide BoS
  • Maintain normal spine curvature whenever possible
  • Bend the hips and knees
  • Exhale during exertion
  • Avoid twisting at the trunk, particularly when the trunk is flexed
  • Push rather than pull when possible
  • Get help if needed!
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3
Q

How often should we change a dependent patient’s position?

A

Every 2 hours

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4
Q

Symptoms of Aneurysm

A
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5
Q

Max A

A

Maximum Assistance - Patient doing 25% of the work, PT doing 75%

Should be in front of patient for Max A

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6
Q

Nervous System Division

A
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7
Q

What is thermanalgesia?

A

Loss of the temperature sense or of the ability to distinguish between heat and cold; insensibility to heat or to temperature changes.

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8
Q

Long-Term Positioning Checklist

A
  • Clear airway
  • Good spinal alignment
  • Minimize pressure over bony prominences
  • Minimize gravity creating shearing forces
  • Cushioned support surfaces to minimize pressure
  • Immobile extremities elevated
  • Positioned to prevent joint and soft tissue contractures
  • Support and stability provided for trunk extremities
  • Positioned to allow patient maximum long-term function
  • Positioned to optimize interaction with the environment
  • Special needs accommodated
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9
Q

Mod A

A

Moderate Assistance - Patient doing 50% of the work, PT doing 50%

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10
Q

Contact Precautions - Mrs. Wee

A

M - multidrug resistant organism

R - respiratory infection

S - skin infections

W - wound infections

E - enteric (c. diff)

E - eye infection - conjunctivitis

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11
Q

Brachial Pulse

A

In the antebrachial fossa, just medial to the biceps brachii tendon

<1 year: Upper extremity musculature is not sufficiently developed to interfere with brachial artery palpation. During emergencies, direct auscultation is a faster and more accurate method than palpation.

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12
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Myocardial Infarction

A
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13
Q

Airborne Precautions

A
  • Chickenpox
  • Disseminated herpes zoster (shingles)
  • Measles

N-95 Mask:

  • Tuberculosis
  • SARS
  • Avian influenza
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14
Q

DT Grading

A

4+ Very brisk

3+ Brisker than average

2+ Average, normal

1+ Diminished, low normal

0 No response

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15
Q

If lateral assessment shows forward head and rounded shoulders, what would you expect on posterior assessment?

A
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16
Q

Portals of Entry

A
  • Penetration: a foreign body allowing bacteria entry into internal body cavities. eg. Medical: Catheterization, surgical drains, or Trauma: wooden sliver or metal spike breaks the skin
  • Direct contact: transmission via touch, person-person (person with contaminated hands touching another person) or person-contaminated contact surface (doorknob, tap etc.)
  • Ingestion: consumption of contaminated, toxin-laden foods (Salmonella), poisonous plants or chemicals
  • Inhalation: air-borne contaminants are inhaled into the lungs and respiratory tract. pathogens such as fungal spores or microbes, toxins, aerosol droplets of contaminated bodily fluids (sputum from a cough).
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17
Q

Host Reservoir

A

The reservoir of an infectious agent is the habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies. Reservoirs include humans, animals, and the environment.

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18
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

A
  • AKA Postural hypotension
  • Occurs when there is a decrease in BP of at least 20 mmHg systolic and 10 mmHg diastolic within 3 min of standing up (or from supine to sit)
  • Failure of the systolic pressure to increase with increasing workload
  • All should result in immediate cessation of activity!!
  • Can be associated with:
    • Cardiac abnormalities
    • Decreases in cardiac blood volume (venous pooling)
    • Use of certain pharmacological drugs (ie. HTN drugs)
    • Central, peripheral, autonomic nervous system disorders (TBI, DM, SCI)
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19
Q

Pressure Ulcers - Predisposing Factors

A
  • Inability to move independently
  • History of skin breakdown
  • Bladder and/or bowel incontinence
  • Absent or impaired sensation
  • Fragile or friable skin
  • Impaired circulation
  • Cachexia - a condition of severe weight loss including muscle wasting
  • Muscle atrophy
  • Postural impairments
  • Nutritional deficits
  • Impaired cognitive ability
  • Medication use that affects mobility or awareness
  • Friction and shear (consider when moving/transferring patients! - avoid bed elevation > 30º)
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20
Q

Calculate Max HR and Percentage for target HR during exercise

A
  • Maximal HR: the maximum recommended physiological intensity for a given individual during exercise
  • Estimated Maximum HR = 220 - the person’s age
  • Target HR: specific range of HR intensity to achieve aerobic training effect
  • Target HR = Maximum HR * Desired intensity (%)
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21
Q

Dorsalis Pedis Pulse

A
22
Q

Carotid Pulse

A

Place the fingers just to the side of the larynx (Adam’s apple) and medial to the SCM

23
Q

Where would a patient receive a nosocomial infection?

A

From the hospital

24
Q

Detrimental Effects of Bedrest

A
  • Loss of muscle mass
  • Poor respiratory function
  • Poor cardiac function - orthostatic hypotension
  • Pressure ulcers
  • Poor swallowing function - aspiration
25
Q

This is what the practical will look like…

A
  • Hand hygiene, PPE if necessary
  • Introduction: Student Physical Therapist Assistant
  • Patient Name and DOB
  • Explanation of testing
  • Sensation - protective response
  • Proprioception/Kinesthesia - balance LE’s -functional use of arms without looking - UE’s
  • Any questions?
  • Obtain consent
26
Q

Lateral Transfer with Transfer Board

A
27
Q

Popliteal Pulse

A
28
Q

Min A

A

Minimal Assistance - Patient is doing 75% of work, PT doing 25%

DO NOT let go of the patient!

29
Q

Contact Precautions

A
  • MRSA (mask if respiratory infection)
  • VRE
  • Adenovirus
  • Diarrhea
  • C. Difficile
  • Rotavirus
  • E.Coli 0157
  • Enterovirus
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Hepatitis A
  • Herpes Zoster (shingles, localized)
  • Herpes simplex
  • Parainfluenza (mask if coughing)
  • RSV (mask if productive cough)
  • Lice
  • Scabies
  • Chickenpox (symptomatic, until all lesions crusted and dried
30
Q

Long-Term Positioning

A
  • Used when people are unable to move voluntarily in a way that maintains optimal health
  • Extended periods of immobility (coma, severe traumatic injury with/without surgical intervention, etc.)
31
Q

Femoral Pulse

A
32
Q

Factors Affecting Heart Rate

A
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Activity
  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • Environment
  • Drugs
33
Q

Homunculus

A
34
Q

Pressure Ulcers - Biomechanical Factors

A
  • Load - patient’s body weight
  • Pressure - surface area over which the body weight is distributed
  • Time - duration in a particular position
35
Q

Infectious Agents

A
  • Bacteria
  • Virus
  • Protozoan
  • Fungus
  • Helminth
36
Q

Long-Term Positioning - Objectives

A
  • Safety
  • Prevention - prevent negative effects of long-term immobility (ex: wounds, burns)
  • Promotes cardiovascular function
  • Promotes pulmonary hygiene
  • Patient comfort
    • Pillows, small bolsters, specialized foam supports as appropriate
37
Q

Susceptible Host

A

An organism capable of contracting a specific disease

38
Q

Standard Precautions

A
  • CMV
  • HIV
  • Hepatitis B and C
  • Aspergillosis
39
Q

Repositioning and Skin Inspection

A
  • Upon repositioning, check the patient’s skin color and integrity after the first 5-10 minutes (blanching test)
  • Pay careful attention to areas of skin covering bony areas/prominences
40
Q

How to record BP

A
41
Q

Dependent/Total Assist

A

Go get a mechanical lift or more people

42
Q

Squat Pivot Transfers

A
43
Q

Short-Term Positioning Checklist

A
  • Patient is safe
  • Good spinal alignment
  • Accessibility of necessary areas of the body
  • Trunk and extremities supported for comfort
  • Positioned to optimize interaction with the environment
  • Special needs accommodated
44
Q

Radial Pulse

A

Place fingers over the distal artery on the lateral (thumb) side of the anterior surface of the wrist

45
Q

Droplet Precautions - SPIDERMAN

A

S - sepsis/scarlet fever/streptococcal pharyngitis

P - parvovirus B19/pneumonia/pertussis

I - influenza

D - diphtheria (pharyngeal)

E - epiglottitis

R - Rubella

M - mumps/meningitis/mycoplasma

An - adenovirus

46
Q

Purpose of Draping

A
  • Protection of patient’s modesty & dignity
  • Warmth & comfort
  • Protection of vulnerable skin (wounds, surgical sites, scars, neurologically impaired areas)
  • Protection of patient’s clothing
47
Q

Droplet Precautions

A
  • Pertussis
  • Influenza A or B MRSA (respiratory infection)
  • Neissera meningitides (suspected or confirmed)
  • Coxsackie
  • Bacterial meningitis (for 24 hours after effective antibiotic therapy)
  • RSV (droplet and contact)
  • Mumps
  • Rubella
48
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A specific causative agent (such as a bacterium or virus) of disease​

49
Q

Positioning Devices

A
  • Completely alleviate pressure on an area
  • Prevent certain contraindicated motions or positions (example: s/p THA)
  • Provide additional cushioning for vulnerable areas such as bony prominences
  • Positioning devices DO NOT take the place of proper patient positioning!
  • Regardless of whether or not cushions or more custom-made supports are utilized, patient positioning is key!
  • Cushions alone do not allow sufficient pressure distribution to prevent skin breakdown!
50
Q

Short-Term Positioning

A
  • Safety
  • Patient comfort
  • Therapist access

PTA 103 (2 decks)

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