PT5 CHP17 Navigation Flashcards
What are the degrees of longitude for EST?
75°
What are the degrees of longitude for CST?
90° (further west from Greenwich, greater)
What the degrees of longitude for MST?
105°
What the degrees of longitude for PST?
120°
An aircraft departs an airport in the central standard time zone at 0930 CST for a 2-hour flight to an airport located in the mountain standard time zone. The landing should be at what time?
1030MST
What is the technique pilotage?
Using visual landmarks outside the cockpit such as checkpoints and landmarks, to figure out location, and compare them to the planned route
What is the technique dead reckoning?
- Think of DED (deduced)
- Using numbers such as time, speed, distance, and direction to determine position
Using numbers such as time, speed, distance, and direction to determine position is which navigational technique?
Dead reckoning
Using visual landmarks outside the cockpit such as checkpoints and landmarks, to figure out location, and compare them to the planned route is which navigational technique?
Pilotage
What is ground speed?
True airspeed corrected for wind speed
True airspeed corrected for wind speed is know as what?
Ground speed
Without wind, what is the relationship between heading and wind?
They equal each other, heading = course
With a right crosswind, what is the relationship between heading and wind?
The true course will veer to the left
How do you counteract a crosswind to have true course equal true heading?
Turn the nose of the airplane into the wind, otherwise known as crabbing
What is the wind correction angle?
The angle between the heading and true course
What is the wind triangle?
A method of visualizing heading, true course, and the wind
What is the difference between heading and true course?
Heading the direction the nose is pointing and true course is where the aircraft is going over the ground
What is variation?
The difference between true north and magnetic north
What is calculated to determine heading?
Course + wind correction = heading
How is deviation caused?
The magnetic field created by the engine
What is the equation to determine magnetic course?
True course ± Variation (-E, +W) = magnetic course
What is the equation to determine magnetic heading?
magnetic course ± Wind correction angle (-L, +R) = magnetic heading
What is the equation to determine compass heading?
magnetic heading ± deviation = compass heading
What is altitude selection based on?
Magnetic course (not heading)
If the VFR altitude you fly at is standardized based on which magnetic course you fly, if your magnetic course is between 0° to 179°, what altitude would you fly at?
Odd thousand feel MSL + 500
(3,500 ft, 5,500 ft, 7,500 ft)
If the VFR altitude you fly at is standardized based on which magnetic course you fly, if your magnetic course is between 180° to 359°, what altitude would you fly at?
event thousand feel MSL + 500
(4,500 ft, 6,500 ft, 8,500 ft)
For standardized VFR altitudes, why is there an additional 500 feet added?
Creates separation between VFR and IFR flights
What frequencies do VORs opearte?
108.00 MHz to 117.95 MHz
What are radials referenced to?
Magnetic north (not true north)
What are the three main types of VORs?
Terminal VFR
- 1,000 to 12,000 feet altitude range, 25NM radius
Low Altitude VFR
- 1,000 to 18,000 feet altitude range, 40NM radius
High Altitude VOR
- 1st layer: 1,000 to 14,500 feet, 40 NM radius
- 2nd layer: 14,500 to 18,000 feet, 100NM radius
- 3rd layer: 18,000 to 45,000 feet, 130NM radius
- 4th layer: 45,000 to 60,000 feet, 100NM
What is the altitude range and radius for a Terminal VOR?
1,000 to 12,000 feet altitude range, 25NM radius
What is the altitude range and radius for a Low Altitude VOR?
- 1,000 to 18,000 feet altitude range, 40NM radius
What is the altitude range and radius for a Low Altitude VOR?
- 1st layer: 1,000 to 14,500 feet, 40 NM radius
- 2nd layer: 14,500 to 18,000 feet, 100NM radius
- 3rd layer: 18,000 to 45,000 feet, 130NM radius
- 4th layer: 45,000 to 60,000 feet, 100NM
How often is it recommended that VORs are tested?
Once a year
What are the types of GPS Errors?
- Atmospheric Delays
- Discrepancies between satellites and Receiver Clocks
- ## GPS Blackouts
What notifies pilots when GPS accuracy is low?
RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring)
