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A&P I > (Pt.1) Connective Tissue > Flashcards

(Pt.1) Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is Connective tissue

A
  • Prevalent in the body, but amount in certain organs vary

- Skin mostly CT, but brain is very little

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2
Q

What are the four main classes of Connective tissue

A
  • Connective Tissue proper
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
  • Blood
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3
Q

What are the major functions of Connective Tissue

A

DO NOT only connect body parts

  1. binding/ supporting
  2. protecting
  3. Insulating
  4. Storing reserve fuel
  5. Transporting substances w/in the body
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4
Q

What are common characteristics of Connective Tissue

A

Two characters (set them apart from others)

  • extracellular matrix
  • common origin
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5
Q

What is Extracellular matrix of the common characteristics

A
  • Large nonliving, which separate often widely, living cells of connective tissue
  • Due to matrix, CT can bear weight, w/stand great tension & endure abuses like physical trauma/ abrasion, that no other tissue can tolerate
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6
Q

What is Common origin of the common characteristics

A
  • All CT come from mesenchyme (embryonic tissue)
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7
Q

What are the three main structural components of Connective Tissue

A
  • ground substance
  • fibers
  • cells
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8
Q

What is Ground Substance

A
  • Unconstructed material that fill the space between cells that set them apart from other tissues
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9
Q

What are the three components of Ground substance

A
  • Interstitial fluid
  • Cell adhesions
  • Proteoglycans
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10
Q

What is interstitial fluid

A
  • Ground substance made of large amounts of liquid fluid/ functions as molecular sieve which nutrients and other dissolved substances can diffuse between the blood capillaries and cells
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11
Q

What are Cell adhesions

A
  • Connective Tissue glue that allow connective tissue cells to attach to the extracellular matrix
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12
Q

Explain Proteoglycans

A
  • Protein core with large polysaccharides attached called glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
  • The strandlike GAG’s, chrondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid stick out of the protein core like fiber of a bottle brush
  • form huge aggregates
  • High GAG content = more viscous the ground substance
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13
Q

What are Connective Tissue fibers

A
  • fibers that give support (strongest/ most abundant as well)
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14
Q

Three types of connective tissue fibers in the matrix

A
  • collagen
  • elastic
  • reticular
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15
Q

What are collagen fibers

A
  • primarily protein collagen
  • collagen molecules are secreted into extracellular space and build cross linked fibrils spontaneously, then are bundled together into thick collagen fibers seen with a microscope
  • white
  • extremely tough/ high tensile strength to the matrix (ability to resist being pulled apart)
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16
Q

What are elastic fibers

A
  • long thin and create branching networks in the ECM
  • rubberlike protein, elastin that allow recoil and stretching like rubber bands
  • connective tissue can only stretch so much, before thick rope like collagen fibers become taut. when tension lets up elastic fibers snap CT
  • Found where greater elasticity is needed (lungs, skin, blood vessel walls)
17
Q

What are reticular fibers

A
  • short, thick type made of different collagen than the thicker type
  • connect to coarser collagen fibers, but branch extensively forming delicate networks (reticul 5 network) that surround small blood vessels and support the soft tissue organs
  • particularly abundant where CT is next to other tissue types

Ex:
- in basement membrane of epi tissues and around capillaries where they form fuzzy “nets” that allow more stretch than the larger collagen fibers

18
Q

Explain Connective Tissue cells

A
  • Each CT major class has a resident type that exist in immature (-blast) / mature (-cyte) forms

Ex:

  • fibroblast –> fibrocytes
  • Chondroblast —> chondrocyte
19
Q

Which major class of CT is an exception to the CT cells rules of mature (-cyte) and explain

A

blood:

  • immature, hemocytoblast is called a hematopoietic stem cell
  • not located in its tissue (blood) and do not make fluid matrix (plasma) of that tissue
20
Q

What takes place with CT cells

A
  • immature blast cells are actively miotic
  • each blast cell secrete ground substance/ fiber characteristics of particular matrix
  • Once matrix is synthesized, blast cells are mature (less active -cyte)
  • mature cells maintain health of matrix
  • if matrix injured they can revert back to more active -blast form and repair/ regenerate matrix
21
Q

Connective tissue is home to what other cells

A
  • Adipocytes
  • White blood cells
  • Mast cells
  • Macrophages
22
Q

What are adipocytes

A
  • called adipose/ fat cells

- store energy as fat

23
Q

what are white blood cells

A
  • (WBC’s, leukocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes) also other cell types dealing with tissue response to injury
24
Q

What are Mast cells

A
  • typically cluster along blood vessels
  • ova cells that detect foreign microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) and start local inflammatory responses against them

chemicals:

  • heparin (anticoagulant)
  • proteases (enzyme)
25
Q

What are Macrophages

A
  • large, irregularly shaped cells
  • devour a broad variety of foreign materials from molecules to entire bacteria
  • attached to CT fibers/ move through matrix freely
    LOCATION: loose CT
  • dispose of dead tissue cells and central actors in the immune system

A&P I (6 decks)

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