PT Tests And Measures For Cardiovascular And Pulmonary Systems: Auscul Of Lung Sounds

Question 1

What is NORMAL for TRACHEAL AND BRONCHIAL breath sounds?

Answer 1

Inspiratory phase shorter than expiratory phase, slight pause between them.

Loud, tubular sounds normally heard over trachea.

Question 2

If bronchial sounds HEARD OVER DISTAL AIRWAYS, what does that mean?

Answer 2

It’s abnormal and represents consolidation or compression of lung tissue that facilitates transmission of sound.

Question 3

What is NORMAL for VESICULAR breath sounds?

Answer 3

HIGH PITCHED, breezy sounds NORMALLY HEARD OVER DISTAL AIRWAYS in healthy lung tissue

INSPIRATORY PHASE LONGER than expiratory phase and there is NO PAUSE between them.

Question 4

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: what are adventitious breath sounds?

Answer 4

Additional breath sounds heard with inspiration or expiration, can be continuous or discontinuous

Question 5

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: what are CRACKLES (FORMERLY RALES) and what are they associated with?

Answer 5

Abnormal, discontinuous, high-pitched popping sound heard MORE OFTEN DURING INSPIRATION

May be assoc with RESTRICTIVE OR OBSTRUCTIVE RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

Question 6

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: Crackles usually represent the movement of ______….

Answer 6

…fluid or secretions during inspiration (WET CRACKLES) or occurs from sudden opening of closed airways (DRY CRACKLES)

Question 7

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: Crackles that usually occur during the latter half of inspiration typically represent…

Answer 7

…atelectasis, fibrosis, pulmonary edema or pleural effusion

Question 8

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: What do crackles sound like?

Answer 8

Low pitched and can be heard during inspiration or expiration like the sound of hairs being rubbed together between the thumb and forefinger

Question 9

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: Pulmonary edema may produce…

Answer 9

…fine crackles as air bubbles through fluid in the DISTAL SMALL AIRWAYS.

Question 10

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: Crackles are often heard in the…

Answer 10

…base of the lungs with INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE, ATELECTASIS, PNEUMONIA, BRONCHIECTASIS, AND PULMONARY EDEMA

Question 11

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: Pleural friction rub occurs when….

Answer 11

…inflamed visceral and parietal pleural rub together.

Question 12

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: What does a Pleural Friction Rub sound like?

Answer 12

Dry, crackling sound heard during BOTH INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION, occurring over spot pt feels pleuritic pain

Question 13

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: What are RHONCHI?

Answer 13

Continuous low-pitched sounds described as having “snoring” or “gurgling” quality that may be heard during BOTH INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION

Question 14

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: What causes rhonchi?

Answer 14

Caused by air passing thru AIRWAY OBSTRUCTED BY INFLAMMATORY SECRETIONS OR LIQUID, BRONCHIAL SPASM OR NEOPLASMS IN THE SMALLER (sibilant rhonchi) OR LARGER (sonorous rhonchi) AIRWAYS.

Question 15

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: What is STRIDOR and what does it indicate?

Answer 15

It’s a continuous high-pitched wheeze heard with inspiration or expiration?

It indicates UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION

Question 16

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: What is a WHEEZE?

Answer 16

Continuous “musical” or whistling sound composed of a variety of pitches

Question 17

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: when does a WHEEZE occur?

Answer 17

Heard during both inspiration/expiration, but variable from minute to minute and area to area.

Question 18

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: Why does a WHEEZE occur?

Answer 18

Arises from turbulent airflow and vibrations of the walls of small airways DUE TO NARROWING by bronchospasm, edema, collapse, secretions, neoplasm or foreign body.

Question 19

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: When are BRONCHIAL BREATH SOUNDS abnormal?

What could produce this?

Answer 19

Abnormal when heard in locations where VESICULAR SOUNDS ARE NORMALLY PRESENT.

PNEUMONIA may produce these sounds.

Question 20

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: What could DECREASED OR DIMINISHED SOUNDS mean?

Answer 20

Congestion, emphysema or hypoventilation

Question 21

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: What could ABSENT BREATH SOUNDS mean?

Answer 21

PNEUMOTHORAX or LUNG COLLAPSE

Question 22

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: Voice sounds are usually muffled, if there is an increase in loudness and distinctness, it could indicate…

Answer 22

…consolidation, atelectasis or fibrosis, all of which improve transmission of vibrations through the lung tissue

Question 23

ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS: Are whispered and spoken voice sounds or breath sounds more valuable to detect PULMONARY CONSOLIDATION, INFACRTION AND ATELECTASIS?

Answer 23

VOICE SOUNDS.

Question 24

Voice Sounds: What is BRONCHOPHONY?

Answer 24

Increased vocal resonance with greater clarity and loudness of spoken words (can mean INCREASED LUNG DENSITY)

Question 25

VOICE SOUNDS:What is “egophony”

Answer 25

A form of bronchophony in which spoken long “E” sound changes to a long, nasal-sounding “A”

Question 26

Voice Sounds: What is whispered pecoriloquy?

Answer 26

RECOGNITION OF WHISPERED WORDS “1,2,3”