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PT Fundamentals > PT Fundamentals - Exam 1, Week 2 > Flashcards

PT Fundamentals - Exam 1, Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gait cycle? Components of, % of those components?

A

1 stride, heel strike to heel strike of ipsilateral foot

stance (60%), swing (40%)

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2
Q 
What is not needed for weight acceptance?
A. Forward progression.
B. Limb stability.
C. Foot clearance.
D. Shock absorption.
A

C. Foot clearance.

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3
Q

What is a step?

A

heel strike to heel strike of contralateral foot

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4
Q

What is cadence? and units?

A

Rate @ which a person walks–in steps/min

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5
Q

What is reference limb?

A

limb of interest that you base the rest of your discussion off of

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6
Q

What is single-limb support?

A

period of time when only one foot is in contact with the ground

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7
Q

What is double-limb support?

A

period of time when both feet are in contact with the ground; begins @ initial contact

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8
Q

What is swing limb advancement?

A

last task accomplished in the gait cycle

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9
Q

8 phases of gait cycle (Los Amigos terms):

A
  1. initial contact (begin DL support)
  2. loading response
  3. mid stance (begin SL support)
  4. terminal stance
  5. pre-swing (DL support)
  6. initial swing
  7. mid swing
  8. terminal swing
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10
Q

Stance gait cycle phases: ____ through _____

A

initial contact–>pre-swing

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11
Q

Swing gait cycle phases: ____ through ____

A

initial swing–>terminal swing

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12
Q

What do we do in Observational Gait Analysis (OGA)? Gross review of what?
Specific analysis of what?

A

Gross review of pt’s ambulation–>specific analysis: floor contact, ankle/foot, knee, hip, pelvis, trunk

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13
Q

Top 10 Ways to Improve OGA?

A
  1. learn normal gait
  2. communicate expectations
  3. unobstructed view
  4. select plane of observation
  5. select your joint of focus
  6. follow joint through gait cycle
  7. systemically repeat for all joints
  8. compare right/left
  9. use binary scoring (present/absent)
  10. corroborate w/ physical exam
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14
Q

Gait training is not just walking. What other activities/surfaces do we train w/ or on?

A
  • stairs
  • doorways
  • curbs
  • elevators, escalators
  • crowded spaces
  • turning
  • side/backward stepping
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15
Q

Which of these should NOT be done, when
assisting a patient to ambulate?
A. Use a gait belt.
B. As therapist, have a wide BOS.
C. Challenge patient with gait pattern in their ability.
D. Guard patient from the front to provide stability.

A

D. Guard patient from the front to provide stability.

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16
Q

Steps before gait training

A
  • prepare ahead of time
  • assess pt
  • determine WB status, AD use, gait pattern
  • give pt instruction
  • clear pathway
  • train on all surfaces/activities
17
Q 
Describe 4-point gait pattern:
AD?
WB?
pattern?
slow/fast?
stable/unstable?
safe in crowded/congested areas?
A
  • bilateral AD
  • FWB
  • alternating, reciprocal fwd pattern
  • slow
  • stable
  • yes, safe
18
Q 
Describe 2-point gait pattern:
AD?
WB?
pattern?
slow/fast?
stable/unstable?
A
  • bilateral AD
  • FWB
  • simultaneous, reciprocal fwd pattern
  • faster than 4-pt
  • stable, similar to normal gait
19
Q 
Describe 3-point gait pattern:
AD?
WB?
pattern?
Need good \_\_\_ strength & \_\_\_ LE?
Resemble normal gait?
A
  • bilateral crutches/walker
  • one leg–NWB, advance w/ AD
  • “step to/step through”
  • UE, FWB
  • Yes!
20
Q 
Describe 3-1 gait pattern:
WB on affected LE?/WB on unaffected LE?
stable/unstable?
energy req?
slow/fast?
A
  • PWB, FWB
  • more stable than 3-pt
  • low energy req, strength
  • slower
21
Q

Describe *mod. 4-point gait pattern:

A
  • AD

- LE alternate

22
Q

Describe *mod. 2-point gait pattern:

A
  • AD

- LE simultaneous

23
Q

Ascending stairs: process/guarding

A
  • unaff. LE up first
  • follow w/ AD/affected LE
  • guard from behind on weak side
24
Q

Descending stairs: process/guarding

A
  • advance w/ AD
  • follow w/ affected LE
  • follow w/ unaff. LE
  • guard in front on weak side
25
Q

Single point cane vs. quad cane

A

single: least support, but fast
quad: more support, improved BOS

26
Q

Axillary vs. Lofstrand crutches: | Which is better for long-term use?

A

axillary: least support; most flexible

Lofstrand (forearm): more support; stability b/t axillary crutches/cane; *better for long-term use

27
Q

Standard vs. rolling walkers:

A

std: most stable, less speed
rolling: adequate stability, ease of mobility

28
Q

Patient with multiple sclerosis (MS), occasional balance
issues, still ambulatory and good, equal strength in UE, LE, and core.
What assistive device do you suggest?
A. Single cane.
B. Standard walker.
C. Wheelchair as MS is progressive.
D. Lofstrand crutches.

A

A. Single cane.

29
Q

Pediatric patient, 7YO, with cerebral palsy (CP), very active,
pronounced scissoring gait, minor balance issues fatigues in long
hallways at school. What AD do you suggest?
A. Custom wheelchair due to fatigue.
B. Rolling walker.
C. Quad cane.
D. Axillary crutches.

A

B. Rolling walker.

30
Q

What are some components of a WC?

A
  • seat
  • cushion
  • seat back
  • foot rests
  • frame
  • drive wheels
  • casters
  • push rims
31
Q

How to fit a person for a WC? Base on what kind of measurements? Typically measured in what position?Supine measured in what position?

A
  • base on anthropometric measurements
  • typically measured in seated
  • measuring in supine is done in “90-90-90” position, w/ neutral pelvis
  • width is key for propelling
32
Q

Americans w/ Disabilities Act (ADA) protects disabled persons in what contexts?

A

protects them everywhere; esp. in any federal capacity, activity, opportunity, employment

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