PT exam

Question 1

Auscultation - Vesicular (normal breath sounds)

Answer 1

a soft rustling sound heard throughout all of inspiration and the beginning of expiration

Question 2

Auscultation - Bronchial

Answer 2

a more hollow, echoing sound normally found only over the right superior anterior thorax
corresponds to an area over the right main stem bronchi
All of inspiration and most of expiration are heard with bronchial breath sounds

Question 3

Auscultation - Decreased

Answer 3

A very distant sound not normally heard over a healthy thorax - allows only some of the inspiration to be heard
Often associated with obstructive lung diseases

Question 4

Adventitious sounds - Crackles (Rales, Crepitations)

Answer 4

Crackling sound usually heard during inspiration that indicates pathology
Atelectasis, fibrosis, pulmonary edema

Question 5

Adventitious sounds - Wheezes

Answer 5

musically pitched sound usually heard with expiration caused by airways obstruction (asthma, COPD, foreign body aspiration)
Can be heard with inspiration too if severe airway constriction

Question 6

Vocal sounds - Egophany

Answer 6

nasal or bleating sound heard during auscultation

E sounds are transmitted to sound like A

Question 7

Vocal sounds - Bronchophony

Answer 7

intense, clear sound during auscultation, even at lung bases

Question 8

Vocal sounds - whispered pectoriloquy

Answer 8

occurs when whispered sounds are heard clearly with auscultation

Question 9

Chest x-ray

Answer 9

2D radiograph to detect the presence of abnormal materal (exudate, blood) or a change in pulmonary parenchyma (fibrosis, collapse)

Question 10

CT

Answer 10

cross section of body

Question 11

V/Q scan

Answer 11

matches the ventilation pattern of the lung to the perfusion pattern to identify presence of pulmonary emboli

Question 12

Fluoroscopy

Answer 12

continuous x ray beam allows observation of diaphragmatic excursion

Question 13

Arterial blood gas (ABG) indicates adequacy of what

Answer 13

Alveolar ventilation - by determining pH, HCO3, and partial pressure of CO2
Arterial oxygenation - by determining partial pressure of oxygen in relation to inspired oxygen

Question 14

Sputum studies - Gram stain

Answer 14

immediate identification of the category of bacteria and its appearance

Question 15

Sputum studies - Culture and sensitivity

Answer 15

identifies the specific bacteria as well as the organisms susceptibility to various antibiotics

Question 16

Sputum studies - cytology

Answer 16

reports presence of cancer cells in sputum

Question 17

Pulmonary function tests evaluate

Answer 17

lung nose disease, monitor progression, and determine benefits of medical management

Question 18

Normal WBC count

Answer 18

4000 - 11000

Question 19

Normal hematocrit

Answer 19

35-48%

Question 20

Normal hemoglobin

Answer 20

12-16 g/dL

Question 21

Bronchoscopy

Answer 21

Endoscope used to view, biopsy, wash, suction, and/or brush the interior aspects of the tracheobronchial tissue

Question 22

s/s resp alk

Answer 22

dizzy, syncope, tingling, numbness, early tetany

Question 23

s/s res acid

Answer 23

anxiety, restlessness, dyspnea, HA

later may have confusion, comnolence, coma

Question 24

s/s met alk

Answer 24

vague - weak, mental dullness, maybe early tetany

Question 25

s/s met acid

Answer 25

secondary hyperventilation, nausea, lethargy, coma