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ASNT HAROLD B > PT 74 CARDS HAROLD BENNETT > Flashcards

PT 74 CARDS HAROLD BENNETT Flashcards

Dye Penetrant Inspection

1
Q

A commonly-used method of checking on the overall performance of a penetrant material system is by:?

A

comparing two sections of artificially cracked specimens.

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2
Q

A continuous linear indication can be caused by which of the following discontinuities?

A

CRACKS
can be linear and continuous.

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3
Q

A Crack type discontinuity will generally appear as:?

A

a Continuous line either Straight or Jagged

Cracks generally appear as continuous line indications.

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4
Q

Aluminum alloy test specimens that have been tested by the liquid penetrant method should be thoroughly cleaned after testing because:?

A

the alkaline content of wet developers and most emulsifiers could result in surface pitting, particularly in moist atmospheres.

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5
Q

An important difference between non-water-washable penetrants and water-washable penetrants is that:?

A

water-washable penetrants contain an emulsifier, while non- water washable penetrants do not.

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6
Q

Developer assists in the detection of penetrants retained in discontinuities by aiding the:?

A

Bleed-out process

bleed-out process is a capillary action where the developer acts as a blotting agent.

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7
Q

Developer assists in the detection of the visible dye penetrant test indications by:?

A

PROVIDING A CONTRASTING BACKGROUND

developers serve as a color contrast background for the visible dye used in the visible dye process.

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8
Q

Developing powder should always be:?

A

EVENLY APPLIED

even application of developing powder can enhance discontinuity penetrant indications

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9
Q

Developing time depends on the:?

A

type of developer used and type of discontinuity to be detected

developer draws penetrant contained in discontinuities thus, the type of flaw and developer influence developing time.

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10
Q

Dry developer should be applied:?

A

so that a light dusting covers all surfaces to be inspected

complete coverage with light dusting will enhance discontinuity indications.

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11
Q

Fluorescent materials used in fluorescent penetrants respond most actively to radiant energy, of a wavelength of approximately:?

A

3,650 Angstroms

3650 Angstroms is the optimum wavelength for fluorescent response.

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12
Q

The part is an aluminum casting with a very complex design. In one section a flat area having a thickness of 1/8 exists. In the center of this area is a round section, 2 thick and 1 in diameter. Linear indications about half the distance around the base where the thin section is joined are referred as:?

A

HOT TEAR

hot tears occur in castings and appear as ragged lines

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13
Q

In liquid penetrant testing when using solvent removable visible dye penetrant, several methods exist for excess penetrant removal from a surface part. Which of the methods is generally more suitable for giving accurate test results?

A

Wiping with dry paper wipes, then wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, and finally wiping with dry cloth.

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14
Q

Of the methods listed below, the most effective means of precleaning a test item prior to a penetrant test is:?

A

VAPOR DEGREASING

the process not only thoroughly cleans an item, but also eliminates moisture residue.

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15
Q

Penetrant residues may become entrapped under spines, fasteners, rivets, etc. Which of the following is the most likely reaction caused by such a residue?

A

Corrosion caused by the moisture attracted by such residues

residues may attract moisture which can cause corrosion.

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16
Q

Prior to penetrant testing of a previously machined soft metal part, which of the cleaning methods listed below would best remove any smeared metal that could mask discontinuities?

A

ETCHING

Yes, etching is normally used on soft metals which tend to smear

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17
Q

Rejection or acceptance of parts should be based on which of the following, in absence of written acceptance criteria?

A

The design of the part and its intended application

the location of discontinuities in reference to stress are more important criteria.

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18
Q

Shrinkage cracks are usually found in what areas of a casting?

A

Abrupt changes in thickness.

abrupt changes will likely result in shrinking cracks or other types of crack mechanisms.

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19
Q

The emulsifier is used:?

A

to emulsify the oil-soluble penetrant, thereby making it water washable.

emulsifiers must be added to oil soluble type penetrants.

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20
Q

The function of the emulsifier in the post-emulsification penetrant method is to:?

A

react with the surface penetrant to make the penetrant water- washable.

emulsifiers’ purpose is to make penetrants water-washable.

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21
Q

The part is a 1/2 thick aluminum plate with a Vee weld. Description – the indication appears in an area that is somewhat dish-shaped. The indication extends out from the center in a spoke formation. The indication is:?

A

A CRATER CRACK

Yes, a crater crack will likely appear as somewhat dish-shaped.

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22
Q

The part is an aluminum forging. Description – the indication is sharp, half-moon shape, NOT deep, and is called a:?

A

LAP

a lap is generally shallow, but sharp discontinuity.

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23
Q

The penetrant indication for a cold shut on the surface of a casting will be:?

A

a dotted or smooth continuous line indications are caused by cracks, cold shuts, forging laps, or die marks.

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24
Q

The penetrant indication of a forging lap will normally be:?

A

a continuous line indications are caused by crack, cold shuts, forging laps, or die marks.

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25
Q

The prime purpose of the black light for fluorescent penetrant inspection is:?

A

to make the indications visible.

a black light will make fluorescent penetrants apparent.

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26
Q

The speed with which a penetrant penetrates a surface flaw is influenced to the greatest extent by which of the following properties?

A

Viscosity is a measure of flow resistance; the lower the viscosity the faster the penetration.

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27
Q

The tendency of a liquid penetrant to enter a discontinuity is primarily related to:?

A

THE CAPILLARY FORCE
Yes, the capillary force is the property influencing flow penetration.

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28
Q

The term non-relevant indication is used to describe certain types of penetrant testing indications.
Which of the following would be a typical non-relevant indication?

A

INDICATIONS DUE TO PART GEOMETRY OR PART DESIGN CONFIGURATIONS.
geometry of a part may cause concentration of penetrant and provide false indications.

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29
Q

Water-washable liquid penetrants differ from post-emulsification penetrants in that water-washable penetrants:?

A

DO NOT NEED THE APPLICATION OF AN EMULSIFIER BEFORE RINSING.

water-washable penetrants contain an emulsifying agent.

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30
Q

When conducting a penetrant test, spherical indications on the surface of a part could be indicative of:?

A

POROSITY
generally causes round indications on the surface.

31
Q

When improper processing causes inspection difficulties, what should the inspector do?

A

REPROCESS THE PART

32
Q

When penetrant testing for shallow discontinuities using a post- emulsification penetrant, the emulsification times should be long enough to:?

A

MIX THE EMULSIFIER WITH THE EXCESS SURFACE PENETRANT ONLY.

for shallow discontinuities time is only necessary to allow mixing with excess surface penetrant only.

33
Q

When penetrant testing Titanium alloys, the materials used in the penetrant system should NOT contain any constituent quantities of:?

A

HALOGENATED SOLVENTS
halogenated solvents will affect titanium alloys.

34
Q

When using a fluorescent, post- emulsifiable penetrant, the length of time the emulsifier is allowed to remain on the part is critical when detecting shallow scratch-like discontinuities The best length of time should be:?

A

DETERMINED BY EXPERIMENTATION

35
Q

When using post-emulsification penetrants, difficulties incurred during the washing operation can be overcome by:?

A

1. COMPLETELY REPROCESSING THE PART FROM SURFACE PREPARATION ON
2. AND BY USING A LONGER EMULSIFIER TIME

36
Q

When viewing parts, fluorescent background may indicate:

A

1. POOR WASHING.
2. POROUS MATERIAL
3. COATING
4. IMPROPER CLEANING BEFORE PENETRANT CYCLE.

37
Q

Which factor would apply in determining the dwell time required for the penetrant to be effective?

A

TYPE OF DISCONTINUITY SOUGHT
the dwell time will likely be a function of defect size and material.

38
Q

Which of the following are typical of foreign matter which might block the openings of discontinuities if the surface of a test specimen is NOT properly cleaned?

A

1. PAINT
2. SCALE CORE
3. MOLD MATERIAL

39
Q

Which of the following characteristics are normally considered when selecting the type of penetrant to be used in a penetrant test?

A

1. REMOVAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PENETRANT
2. THE FLASH POINT OF THE PENETRANT
3. THE COST OF THE PENETRANT

40
Q

Which of the following contaminants could affect the sensitivity of a penetrant.?

A

1. ACID
2. WATER
3. SALTS

41
Q

Which of the following could be a source of false indications on a test specimen?

A

1. PENETRANT ON THE TEST TABLE
2. PENETRANT ON THE HANDS OF THE INSPECTOR
3. CONTAMINATION OF DRY OR WET DEVELOPER WITH PENETRANT

42
Q

Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a finishing processing discontinuity?

A

HEAT-TREAT CRACK
Heat treatment is a common finishing process

43
Q

Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a primary processing discontinuity often found in cast material?

A

POROSITY

44
Q

Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a service induced discontinuity?

A

FATIGUE CRACK

45
Q

Which of the following discontinuities might be found in a welded fabrication?

A

LACK OF FUSION

46
Q

Which of the following discontinuities might be found in rolled bar stock?

A

1. CRACKS
2. LAPS
3. SEAMS
Are found in ROLLED BAR STOCK

47
Q

Which of the following discontinuities might be found in rolled plate?

A

LAMINATIONS

48
Q

Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in a forging?

A

LAPS
occur during forging processes

49
Q

Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in forging?

A

LAP
laps are very likely to be found in forged components

50
Q

Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled bar stock?

A

1. CRACKS
2. SEAMS
occur in rolled bar stock

51
Q

Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled bar stock?

A

1. LAPS
2. CRACKS
3. SEAMS
Are found in ROLLED BAR STOCK

52
Q

Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled plate stock?

A

INCLUSIONS
may be found in rolled plate stock

53
Q

Which of the following is a discontinuity which might be found in sand castings:?

A

SHRINKAGE
is a discontinuity which can occur in sand castings.

54
Q

Which of the following is a possible cause for false penetrant indications?

A

1. LINT
2. DIRT
3. FOREIGN MATERIALS
can cause false indications.

55
Q

Which of the following is a purpose of the drying process used in penetrant testing?

A

After the application of a wet developer, the drying process aids in securing a uniform developer coating.

56
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of fluorescent penetrants over visible type penetrants?

A

SMALL INDICATIONS ARE MORE EASILY SEEN WITH FLUORESCENT PENETRANTS

57
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of solvent wipe methods over water washing?

A

They can easily be carried out in the field and to remote areas.
minimal equipment is required to use solvent wipe methods.

58
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of visible dye penetrants over fluorescent penetrants?

A

NO SPECIAL LIGHTING IS REQUIRED
fluorescent penetrants require black lights and visible penetrant does not.

59
Q

Which of the following is most apt to render the post-emulsification test ineffective?

A

TOO LONG OF AN EMULSIFYING TIME

60
Q

Which of the following is NOT a form in which penetrant developer is commonly available?

A

HIGH VISCOSITY DEVELOPER
liquid penetrants have low viscosities to allow penetration.

61
Q

Which of the following is NOT good practice when penetrant testing?

A

APPLYING EMULSIFIER WITH A BRUSH
Using a brush influences the interaction between the emulsifier and a penetrant which is not recommended.

62
Q

Which of the following is NOT recommended method of removing grease from a surface of a part to be penetrant tested?

A

HOT WATER RINSE
It will not thoroughly remove grease from the surface.

63
Q

Which of the following is the best reason why excessive drying of a part is NOT desired?

A

A REDUCTION IN RESOLUTION MAY RESULT

64
Q

Which of the following is the best reason why the application of emulsifier by a brush is NOT recommended?

A

THE BRUSHING ACTION MIXES THE EMULSIFIER WITH THE PENETRANT PREMATURELY AND IRREGULARLY, MAKING ACCURATE CONTROL OF THE EMULSIFICATION TIME IMPOSSIBLE.

65
Q

Which of the following methods for applying non-aqueous developer is normally considered most
effective?

A

SPRAYING
non-aqueous wet developer is usually applied by spraying from a pressurized gun

66
Q

Which of the following physical properties, more than any other, determines what makes a material a good penetrant?

A

NO ONE SINGLE PROPERTY DETERMINES IF A MATERIAL WILL OR WILL NOT BE A GOOD PENETRANT.

67
Q

skip

A

skip

68
Q

Which of the following types of discontinuities will NOT be detected by the liquid penetrant test method?

A

INTERNAL FORGING BURSTS

69
Q

Which of the following would be impossible to detect using a liquid penetrant test?

A

NON-METALLIC INTERNAL INCLUSIONS
penetrant testing is only effective for surface defect detection and, therefore, will not detect internal inclusions.

70
Q

Which of the items listed below is NOT an advantage of the liquid penetrant test method?

A

THE METHOD CAN FIND ALL TYPES OF DISCONTINUITIES.
it cannot find all

71
Q

Which of the statements below apply to the liquid penetrant method of testing?

A

THE PENETRANT TEST METHOD IS MORE RELIABLE THAN RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING WHEN ATTEMPTING TO DETECT MINUTE SURFACE DISCONTINUITIES.

72
Q

Which of the statements below best states the danger of using sandblasting for cleaning surfaces to be penetrant tested?

A

THE DISCONTINUITIES MAY BE CLOSED.
the possibility of closing defects is likely.

73
Q

Which of the statements below concerning the operation of the black light bulbs of the mercury arc type is NOT true?

A

LINE VOLTAGE VARIATIONS ABOVE 120 VOLTS WILL HAVE LITTLE OR NO EFFECT ON THE BULB.

74
Q

Why is it advisable to have a black light installed at the wash station?

A

TO CHECK THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE WASH CYCLE

ASNT HAROLD B (4 decks)

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