PT Flashcards
1
Q
2 main tx interventions w/in PT?
A
- manual therapy and therapeutic exercise
2
Q
What is PT?
A
- dynamic allied health profession
- assist w/ restoration, maintenance, and promotion of optimal physical fxn
- application of established theoretical and evidence based clinical assessments and tx
3
Q
Specialization of PT?
A
- ortho
- sports medicine
- geriatric
- neurology
- peds
- wound care
- electophysiology
- aquatic therapy
4
Q
Components of pt management?
A
- exam and eval: (observation, hx, system review, tests and measures)
- dx
- prognosis (plan of care, timing and frequency)
- intervention (purposeful/skilled interaction)
5
Q
Therapeutic goals for general ortho conditions?
A
- educate: PRICE, activity modifications, active rest
- pain control, spasm management through modalities and manual therapy
- increase fxn by regaining ROM and strength
- improve coordination, gait, balance, propioception, core activation
- appropriate bracing/orthoses
- prevent or minimize permanent physical disabilities
- restore, maintain, and promote overall health and fitness
6
Q
Components of Manual therapy?
A
- tissue/restriction mobilization
- mobilization/manipulation
- manual lymphatic drainage
7
Q
Therapeutic exercises used in PT?
A
- aerobic capacity/endurance conditioning
- balance, coordination, and agility training
- body mechanics and postural stabilization
- flexibility exercises
- gait and locomotion training
- neuromuscular development and re-education
- relaxation/breathing techniques
- strength, power and endurance training
8
Q
Components of fxnl training?
A
self care, home management, work, community and leisure
- ADL training
- barrier accomodations/modifications
- device and equip use/training
- fxnl training programs
- instrumental ADL training
- injury prevention or reduction
9
Q
What devices and equipment are used in PT?
A
- adaptive
- assistive
- orthotic
- prosthetic
- protective
- supportive
10
Q
Physical agents and mechanical modalities used in PT?
A
- cryotherapy/hydrotherapy
- electrotherapeutics
- sound agents
- thermotherapy
- compression
- traction devices
- gravity assisted pneumatic compression devices
11
Q
Mechanical components of PT?
A
- eval of jt, soft tissues, muscular, visceral, and neurovascular components which limit motion or fxn
- tx includes: fxnl mobilization of the above using PNF techniques
12
Q
Neuromuscular components of PT?
A
- eval pt’s muscular ability to efficiently initiate and demonstrate proper strength and endurance for any given contraction
- eval of trunk stabilizing muscle groups w/ selected automatic core engagement tests
- tx includes: manual facilitation technique and directed exercise
13
Q
Motor control components of PT?
A
- individual’s ability to utilize efficient mechanical and neuromuscular components to efficiently assume a balanced posture while performing efficient fxnl activities w/ necessary balancing rxns
- trained through resistance and repetition, focusing on kinesthetic and propioceptive awareness and enhancement
- effective motor control allows for an effectively timed activation of the core and global muscles during activity
14
Q
Commonly tx ortho conditions in PT?
A
- knee: Patellofemoral, ligamentous, meniscal tears
- rotator cuff disease
- ankle sprains/fx
- low back pain
- cervical myofascial disorders
- lateral hip pain
15
Q
What is patellofemoral pain syndrome? Caused by what? Presentation and tx?
A
- anterior knee pain caused by patellofemoral cartilagenous degenerative changes and ipsilateral hip abductor weakness
- prolonged walking or sitting, running, hill climbing and stairs
- minimal to no swelling, crepitation
- palpation typically unremarkable
- flat feet (pes planus)
- rest, strengthening (hip), orthotics, anti-inflammatories, taping
16
Q
Presentation of rotator cuff syndrome? Tx?
A
- impingement, tendonitis, tendonosis, tear
- aging adult or overhead athlete; trauma
- distal supraspinatus against acromion leads to compression and loss of blood flow to small vessels and tendons will begin to fray
- overhead activities, reaching behind back, sleeping on involved side, isolated cuff weakness
- rest, activity modifications, NSAIDs, cortisone, ice, exercise, surgery
17
Q
Etiology of ankle sprain? Presentation, tx?
A
- ligaments stretched/partially torn
- ATFL injured 90% of time w/ inversion sprains
- hx, warmth, redness, swelling, pain
- ddx to distinguish b/t a sprain and fx
- ottawa ankle rule (100% specific)
- PRICE, bracing, ROM, balance, propioreceptive reawareness, strength and stabilization
18
Q
Etiology of low back pain? Presentation? Tx?
A
- overuse/muscular strain, ligamentous sprain, disc injury, degenerative breakdown
- 90% incidence of benign musculoskeletal problem
- affects over 80% of pop lifetime
- MC job related disability claim, 2nd most common ailment reported
- pain, decreased movement, radicular sxs
- may need ddx/dx testing to discern if problem is mechanical, inflammatory, neoplastic, metabolic or referred pain
- rest, education, meds, ice, e-stim, early exercise (stability muscles)
19
Q
Causes of cervalgia? Tx?
A
- common prob (2/3 of pop lifetime incidence)
- muscular, skeletal, vascular, nerve, airway, digestive, referred
- stress, poor postures, minor injuries, referred pain, overuse, disc protrusion, pinched nerve, degenerative
- most benefit from conservative tx (cold/heat, TENS, improved posture/body mechanics, NSAIDs/steroids, jt mobs and exercise)
20
Q
What is trochanteric bursitis? Presentation? Tx?
A
- inflammation of trochanteric bursa (b/t insertion of gluteus medius and minimus)
- shock absorber and lubricator
- localized pain and tenderness behind the GT, pain w/ walking and prolonged standing, pain w/ stairs and hills, lying on affected side
- pain often caused by inflammation of glute tendons due to inflamed bursa
- isolate cause: LLD, ITBS, hip weakness
- may coexist w/ LBP, OA, obesity
- activity modifications: heat, cortisone, US, STM, stretching, strengthening
21
Q
What is an ACL disruption? Presentation? Tx?
A
- prevents anterior tibial translation in relation to femur
- MC knee ligament injury (often non contact)
- although copers exist, most reqr surgical repair
- hx: pop, immediate knee pain and swelling, perceived knee instability, aspirate bloody fluid, + lachmans
- PRICE, ortho consult, maybe MRI
- 6-9 month fxnl rehab process
