Psycopathology

Question 1

What is Statistical infrequency?

Answer 1

▪Occurs when an individual has a less common characteristic. E.g. Being more depressed or less intelligent than most of the population.

Question 2

What is Deviation from social norms?

Answer 2

▪Concerns behaviour that is different from the accepted standards of behaviour in a community.

Question 3

What is meant by Failure to function frequently?

Answer 3

▪Occurs when someone is unable to cope with ordinary demands of day-to-day living.

Question 4

What is meant by Deviation from ideal mental health?

Answer 4

▪Occurs when someone doesn’t meet the criteria for good mental health.

Question 5

What is a phobia?

Answer 5

▪An irrational fear of an object or situation.

Question 6

What is meant by the term behavioural?

Answer 6

▪Ways in which people act.

Question 7

What is meant by the term emotional?

Answer 7

▪Ways in which people feel.

Question 8

What is depression?

Answer 8

▪A mental disorder characterised by low mood and low energy levels.

Question 9

What is OCD? (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)

Answer 9

▪A condition characterised by obsessions and/or compulsive behaviour.

Question 10

What is the behavioural approach?

Answer 10

▪A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning.

Question 11

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 11

▪Learning by association. Occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together. An UCS and a NS. The NS eventually produces the same response first produced by the UCS.

Question 12

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 12

▪A form of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences.

Question 13

What is systematic desensitisation?

Answer 13

▪A behavioural therapy designed to reduce an unwanted response e.g. Anxiety. It involves drawing up a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking situations related to the phobic stimulus, teaching the patient to relax, and then exposing them to phobic situations. The patient works their way through the hierarchy whilst maintaining relaxation

Question 14

What are the three processes involved in systematic desensitisation?

Answer 14

▪The anxiety hierarchy.

▪Relaxation.

▪Exposure.

Question 16

What is flooding?

Answer 16

▪A behavioural therapy in which a patient is exposed to an extreme form of a phobic stimulus to reduce anxiety triggered by that stimulus.

Question 17

What is the cognitive approach?

Answer 17

▪️How our mental processes affect behaviour (for example thoughts, perceptions, attention)

Question 18

What is Beck’s Negative triad?

Answer 18

▪️ Three kinds of negative thinking that contribute to become depressed… Negative views of the world, future and self.

Question 19

What is Ellis’ ABC model?

Answer 19

▪️ Ellis proposed that depression occurs when an activating event (A) triggers an irrational belief (B) which in turn produces a consequence (C).

Question 20

What is a schema?

Answer 20

▪️ A “package” of ideas and information developed through experience. They act as mental frameworks for the interpretation of sensory information.

Question 21

What is cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)?

Answer 21

▪️ A method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.

Question 22

What are irrational thoughts?

Answer 22

▪️ Thoughts that are likely to interfere with a person’s happiness (also called dysfunctional thoughts).

Question 23

What is the Biological Approach?

Answer 23

▪️A perspective that emphasises the importance of physical processes in the body such as genetic information and neural functions.