psychpharmacology

Question 1

Antipsychotics - 1st generation also called what?

Answer 1

conventional, typical, or traditional antipsychotics

Question 2

Second generation antipsychotics also called what?

Answer 2

atypical or novel antipsychotics

Question 3

Differences between 1st and 2nd generation

Answer 3

2nd generation blocks dopamine (lower level than traditional) and seratonin postsynaptic receptors

Question 4

Most traditional generic antipsychotics end with what suffix?

Answer 4

-zine

Question 5

Most atypical antipsychotics end with what suffix?

Answer 5

-pine

Question 6

another name of antipsychotics

Answer 6

neuroleptics or major tranquilizers

Question 7

side effects are less severe for which class of antipsychotics ?

Answer 7

second generation

Question 8

Why develop second generation antipsychotics?

Answer 8

1st generation - able to reduce positive symptoms, but not negative. 2nd generation was initially thought to work on negative symptoms, but later has not found any differences

Question 9

disorders treated with antipsychotics

Answer 9

schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders (delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, schizoaffective), bipolar disorder (for mania - combined with either mood stabilizers or antidepressants)

Question 10

positive symptoms of schizophrenia include

Answer 10

hallucination, delusions, disorganized thinking

Question 11

negative symptoms of schizophrenia include

Answer 11

affective flattening, lack of motivation, poverty of speech

Question 12

acronym for first generation antipsychotics and what are they

Answer 12

HTTPSS LONMM (think website, https with extra s / think lonely myself - lonmm)

Haldol
Thorazine
Trilafon
Prolixin
Serentil
Stelazine

Loxitane
Orap
Navane
Mellaril
Moban

Question 13

acronym for second generation antipsychotics and what medications are they

Answer 13

SCIZRA (G) (letter is in order following schizophrenia, with added g)

Seroquel
Clozaril
Invega
Zyprexa
Risperdal
Abilify
Geodon

Question 14

atypical antipsychotic - Clozaril (clozapine) associated with increased risk of?

Answer 14

agranulocytosis (sudden drop of white blood cell counts - high risk of infection due to immune suppression). Lethal!

Question 15

when is Clozaril (clozapine) used?

Answer 15

only those who “failed” on other antipsychotics

Question 16

side effects of both classes of antipsychotics

Answer 16

sedation
drowsiness
orthostatic hypotension (dizziness when standing up)
anticholinergic 
Weight gain
Sexual dysfunction
tardive dyskinesia

Question 17

side effects of traditional antipsychotics, not including atypical antipsychotics

Answer 17

***extrapyramidal symptom (EPS)

metabolic adverse effects (diabetes, high cholesterol, weight gain)

Question 18

Anticholinergic effects include

Answer 18

TIPS: symptoms include drying out or holding in
dry mouth (most common)
blurred vision
dry eyes
sensitivity to light (photophobia)

constipation
urinary hesitancy
nasal congestion
confusion
decreased memory

Question 19

How long does anticholinergic effects last?

Answer 19

approx. 1 month, does not completely disappear

Question 20

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) include

Answer 20

movement related symptoms - most disturbing and damaging side effects.

acute and painful muscle spasms (dystonia) characteristics of parkison’s disease
bradykinesia (slow movement)
tremor
restless feeling mostly in legs (akathisia) - COMMON and often reason of premature treatment

Question 21

Which symptoms are most associated with premature treatment for first generation antipsychotics

Answer 21

akathisia - restlessness feeling (mostly in legs)

Question 22

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) include what?

Answer 22

abnormal movements of lips, tongue, jaw (lipsmacking, chewing, rolling, protruding of tongue)
can involve trunk or arms

Question 23

which symptoms are most stigmatizing and percentage of people experience symptom

Answer 23

Tardive dyskinesia (20-40% develop symptoms)

Question 24

Risks of developing tardive dyskinesia (e.g., length of treatment, which class of antipsychotics)

Answer 24

if treatment lasts one year or more - especially with traditional antipsychotic

Question 25

Symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and how common is it?

Answer 25

severe muscle rigidity
altered consciousness
autonomic instability (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure)
high fever

RARE (1%) and will need emergency medical attention

Question 26

What are the risks of dependence, withdrawal, overdose of antipsychotics

Answer 26

Dependence - not cause
Withdrawal - only if high dose suddenly stopped (gastrointestinal distress, headache, nightmare, insomnia)

Overdose - not generally lethal, except if 30-60 day dose is taken at once. MORE lethal if combined with tricyclic antidepressant (TCAs)

Question 27

Generic name for Risperdal

Answer 27

Risperidone

Question 28

Generic name for Haldol

Answer 28

Haloperidol

Question 29

Generic name for Abilify

Answer 29

Ariprazole

Question 30

Generic name for Clozaril

Answer 30

Clozapine