psychpharmacology Flashcards
Antipsychotics - 1st generation also called what?
conventional, typical, or traditional antipsychotics
Second generation antipsychotics also called what?
atypical or novel antipsychotics
Differences between 1st and 2nd generation
2nd generation blocks dopamine (lower level than traditional) and seratonin postsynaptic receptors
Most traditional generic antipsychotics end with what suffix?
-zine
Most atypical antipsychotics end with what suffix?
-pine
another name of antipsychotics
neuroleptics or major tranquilizers
side effects are less severe for which class of antipsychotics ?
second generation
Why develop second generation antipsychotics?
1st generation - able to reduce positive symptoms, but not negative. 2nd generation was initially thought to work on negative symptoms, but later has not found any differences
disorders treated with antipsychotics
schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders (delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, schizoaffective), bipolar disorder (for mania - combined with either mood stabilizers or antidepressants)
positive symptoms of schizophrenia include
hallucination, delusions, disorganized thinking
negative symptoms of schizophrenia include
affective flattening, lack of motivation, poverty of speech
acronym for first generation antipsychotics and what are they
HTTPSS LONMM (think website, https with extra s / think lonely myself - lonmm)
Haldol Thorazine Trilafon Prolixin Serentil Stelazine
Loxitane Orap Navane Mellaril Moban
acronym for second generation antipsychotics and what medications are they
SCIZRA (G) (letter is in order following schizophrenia, with added g)
Seroquel Clozaril Invega Zyprexa Risperdal Abilify Geodon
atypical antipsychotic - Clozaril (clozapine) associated with increased risk of?
agranulocytosis (sudden drop of white blood cell counts - high risk of infection due to immune suppression). Lethal!
when is Clozaril (clozapine) used?
only those who “failed” on other antipsychotics
side effects of both classes of antipsychotics
sedation drowsiness orthostatic hypotension (dizziness when standing up) anticholinergic Weight gain Sexual dysfunction tardive dyskinesia
side effects of traditional antipsychotics, not including atypical antipsychotics
***extrapyramidal symptom (EPS)
metabolic adverse effects (diabetes, high cholesterol, weight gain)
Anticholinergic effects include
TIPS: symptoms include drying out or holding in dry mouth (most common) blurred vision dry eyes sensitivity to light (photophobia)
constipation urinary hesitancy nasal congestion confusion decreased memory
How long does anticholinergic effects last?
approx. 1 month, does not completely disappear
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) include
movement related symptoms - most disturbing and damaging side effects.
acute and painful muscle spasms (dystonia) characteristics of parkison’s disease
bradykinesia (slow movement)
tremor
restless feeling mostly in legs (akathisia) - COMMON and often reason of premature treatment
Which symptoms are most associated with premature treatment for first generation antipsychotics
akathisia - restlessness feeling (mostly in legs)
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) include what?
abnormal movements of lips, tongue, jaw (lipsmacking, chewing, rolling, protruding of tongue)
can involve trunk or arms
which symptoms are most stigmatizing and percentage of people experience symptom
Tardive dyskinesia (20-40% develop symptoms)
Risks of developing tardive dyskinesia (e.g., length of treatment, which class of antipsychotics)
if treatment lasts one year or more - especially with traditional antipsychotic
