psychotropic medications Flashcards
difference between typical and atypical antipsychotics
atypical are less likely to cause EPS
atypical treats both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, rarely causes agranulocytosis
typical antipsychotics- blocks norepinephrine which causes hypotension and sedative effects
drug interactions with antipsychotic drugs
alcohol hypnotics sedatives narcotics barbiturates
classic major side effects of typical antipsychotics (haldol and prolixin)
puritis, photosensitivity, sedation, dizziness, h/a, seizures, dry mouth, nasal congestion, blurred vision, urinary retention, gi distress, EPS
prolixin- periphrial edema, tachycardia
haldol- orthostatic hypotension
what is prolixin?
a typical antipsychotic, manages the symptoms of schizophrenia
interactions and contraindications of prolixin- fluphazine
renal and liver damage, hypersensitivity, blood dyscrasia, cns depressents, etoh, kava kava
interactions and contraindications of haldol
narrow angle glaucoma, liver kidney damage, orthostatic hypotension, dysrythmia, urinary retention, cns depression, anticholinergics (increased toxicity), decreased effects with phenobarbital, carbamazepine, caffeine
side effects of atypical antipsychotics
sedation, drowsiness, wt gain, wt loss, h/a, fatigue, blurred vision, hyper/hypoglycemia, insomnia, agitation, anxiety, constipation, n/v, dizziness, sexual dysfunction
adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics
orthostatic hypotension, seizures, hypertension, tachycardia, bradycardia, EPS, seizures, angina, angioedema, diabetes, suicidal ideation, NMS, agranulocytosis, neutropenia, luekopenia
contraindications of atypical antipsychotics
dysrythmias, blood dyscrasia, liver damage
Nursing interventions for antipsychotics
vs/ cheeking meds, give w food, IM not IV, EPS, NMS, WBC, may turn urine brown or pink, 3-6 weeks to work
side effects of benzodiazepines
drowsiness, dizziness, confusions, blurred vision, weakness, restlessness, sleep disturbance, hallucinations, GI distress
signs and symptoms of benzo withdrawal
tremor, agitation, nervousness, sweating, insomnia, anorexia, muscle cramping
nursing interventions for patients taking benzos
encourage client to drink fluids, may take 1-2 weeks to work, no more than 2-4 wks to prevent tolerance, do not take with other cns depressants, NO kava kava, do not take w antacids or caffeine, take w food to prevent gi discomfort, warn client against abrupt stopping, take w food to prevent GI discomfort, warn client against abrupt discontinuation of drugs
SSRIs side effects
H/a, nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, seizures, tremors, GI distress, sexual dysfunction, suicidal ideation, works over 2-4 weeks
can cause hyper or hypotension
prototype- fluoxitine
increased effects with hypoglycemia, increased risk for respiratory depression, GI distress, sexual dysfunction,
SNRI prototype
venlafaxine (Effexor)
side effects of venlafaxine (Effexor)
drowsiness, dizziness, nervousness, confusion
MAOIS uses
only used in patients with depression uncontrolled by TCAs
side effects of MAOIS
agitation, restlessness, insomnia, anticholinergic effects, orthostatic hypotension, hypertension with tyramines
drug interactions with MAOIS
VS, mood, suicidal tendencies, cold medicine, take with food, do not drive, do not stop abruptly, take before BED, 2-4 weeks for response, do not take with herbs, gisneng, or st johns wart
types of mood stabilizers
lithium, anticonvulsants, tegrotal, valproic acid, lamotrigine
therapeutic range for lithium
0.5-2.5mEq
what levels can drop with lithium
sodium!
side effects of lithium
h/a, drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, dysrythmias, restlessness, slurred speech, dry mouth, metallic taste, GI distress, tremors, muscle weakness, edema of hands and feet, increased urination, blood dyscrasias
signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity
Nausea and vommiting! severe diarrhea, blurred vision, ataxia, tinnitus, tremors, confusion, dysrythmias, seizures
nursing intervention for lithium
vs, na levels, urine output, renal function, 1-2L of fluid daily, take w food, monitor lithium levels 1-2 months, toxicity occurs after 2mEq, wear med alert bracelet, dont drive until you know how med effects you, drug may take 1-2 weeks to work, encourage pt to avoid caffeine, crash diets, nsaids, diruetics, pregnancy
carbmazepine
manages manic episodes
uses for valporic acid
management of major depression, bipolar disorder, tonic clonic seizures, migraine prophylaxis
action of ritalin
increases dopamine and norepinephrine which increases stimulation dose can be gradually increased until wanted effects occur
side effects of ritalin
nervousness, sleeplessness, palpitations, SOB,, fainting, aggressiveness, hearing voices, slows growth, seizures, blurred vision, impaired circulation, do not take when agitated or nervous
contraindications of ritalin
hx of glaucoma, tics, tourretes, use a MAOI or have in the last 14 days
