Psychotic disorders

Question 1

Definition psychosis

Answer 1

Loss of contact with reality

Question 2

Most important psychiatric disorders with psychotic features (6)

Answer 2

1) Schizophrenia
2) Schizoaffective disorder
3) Bipolar disorder
4) Severe depression
5) Delusive (paranoid)
6) Drug-induced

Question 3

Positive symptoms psychosis

Answer 3

1) Delusions
2) Cenceptual disorganization
3) Perceptual disturbances (hallucinations, illusions)
4) Catatonic symptoms

Question 4

Delusion definition

Answer 4

Beliefs and conclusions held with strong conviction despite superior evidence to the contrary

Question 5

Advised behaviour during exploration of delusions

Answer 5

• Do not argue with the patient’s delusions

- Do not confirm the patient’s delusions

Question 6

Conceptual disorganization definition

Answer 6

Disorganized thought process, during which the aim-oriented sequential organization is discontinued

Question 7

Conceptual disorganization examples (?) (7)

Answer 7

1) Clang associations
2) Loose associations
3) Neologisms
4) Tangentiality
5) Incoherence - extreme form: amentia or schizophasia (word salad)
6) Circumstantiality
7) Blocking

Question 8

Perceptual disturbances

Answer 8

Hallucinations, illusions

Question 9

Hallucinations definition

Answer 9

Perceptions in the absence of an external stimulus.
Can be classified based on sensory modality (acoustic, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile or somatic), complexity and reality.

Question 10

Illusions definition

Answer 10

External stimuli are present, but the sensation is distorted or misinterpreted

Question 11

Catatonic symproms definition

Answer 11

Qualitative psychomotor disturbances, which can be associated with different (psychiatric) disorders

Question 12

Catatonic symptoms examples (12)

Answer 12

1) Stupor
2) Catalepsy
3) Waxy flexibility
4) Mutism
5) Negativism (active or passive)
6) Command automatism
7) Posturing (crystallization)
8) Mannerism
9) Motor stereotypes
10) Agitation
11) Block (logo- or ergorexis)
12) Echolalia (word), Echopraxia (gesture)

Question 13

Negative symptoms psychosis

Answer 13

Decrease, impoverishment or lack of normal functions (feelings, willpower, energy, motivation). Presence of symptoms determined by observation

Question 14

Examples negative symptoms psychosis (7)

Answer 14

1) Blunted affect
2) Restricted affect
3) Poor rapport
4) Passive/apathetic social life or social withdrawal
5) Lack of spontaneity and poverty of speech
6) Disturbed abstract thinking
7) Stereotypic thinking

Question 15

PANSS

Answer 15

“Positive and negative syndrome scale”

- Measure manifestation of schizophrenia symptoms