Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

Psychosis

Answer 1

A general term used to describe distorted perception of reality.
Involves hallucinations,delusions and illusions.

Question 2

Delusions

Answer 2

Having false firm beliefs on inadequate grounds having social or religious backgrounds.
Types
Delusions of persecution
Delusion of reference
Delusions of grandeosity
Thought insertion or withdrawal
Hypochondriacal delusions are common in old age depression.
Nihilistic delusion

Can be bizarre(impossible) or non bizarre (plausible but not true).

Question 3

Perception disorders
2

Answer 3

Hallucinations and Illusions
Hallucinations
Sensory perception without an external stimulus.can be auditory,olfactory, visual or tactile.
Illusions
Misinterpretation of an external stimulus e.g mistaking a shadow for an evil spirit.

Question 4

Schezophrenia

Answer 4

A psychiatric disorder Characterized by a constellation of abnormalities in thinking, emotions and behavior.
Symptoms are divided into 3
Positive ones those that are added to normal behavior and are abnormally present and include Hallucinations, delusions and bizarre behavior.
Negative symptoms are ones which are missing from normal behavior and include Anhedonia, apathy,affect,alogia,abolition and poor Attention.
Cognitive symptoms include impairment in attention, function and memory.
Three phases of schizophrenia
1.Prodromal
2.Psychotic
3.Redidual
Diagnosis
Delusions, Hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior and negative symptoms.
Pathophysiology elevated dopamine and serotonin.
TTT Antipsychotics and behavioral therapy.

Question 5

MCQ
Brief psychotic disorder lasts for ….month. schizophreniform disorder lasts ……month and schizophrenia lasts for ……months.

Answer 5

Answers
<1
Between 1 and 6 months
>6 months

Question 6

Schizoaffective disorder

Answer 6

Consist of a major depressive episode or manic episode during which criteria for schizophrenia are also met for 2 weeks.
TTT same as for schizophrenia

Question 7

Delusional disorder vs schizophrenia

Answer 7

** schizophrenia includes**
🛑 bizarre or non bizarre delusions. 🛑 impaired daily functions
🛑Dx of schizophrenia
Delusional disorder include
🛑non bizarre delusions
🛑daily functions not significantly affected
🛑Does not meet criteria for schizophrenia

Question 8

Downward drift hypothesis

Answer 8

People suffering from schizophrenia are unable to function well in society and hence end up on low socioeconomic groups.
Elevated serotonin,elevated norepinephrine,low GABA,low glutamate receptors are also abnormalities in schizophrenia.