Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
What is psychosis?
Psychosis is a condition in which a person develops a misinterpretation of reality. The person cannot make sense of their surroundings, reacts inaccurately to them, and develops false thoughts or ideas about them.
What does ‘misinterpretation of reality’ mean?
It means that a person loses the capacity to tell what is real from what is not. They may experience alterations in sensory perceptions in that they hear (auditory), see (visual), smell (olfactory), feel (tactile) or taste (gustatory) something that isn’t there
What medical conditions could lead to psychosis?
- HIV and AIDS
- Malaria
- Syphilis
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Parkinson’s disease
- Hypoglycaemia
- Multiple sclerosis
- Brain tumour
- Head trauma
- Urinary tract infection
- Delirium
- Medication
- Alcohol
How common is psychosis?
One in every 200 Australians.
About 0.5% of Australians will experience a psychotic illness each year.
What catergories can the symptoms of psychosis be seperated into?
Positive and Negative.
What are examples of positve symptoms of psychosis?
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Disorganised speech
- Disorganised behaviour
What are examples of negative symptoms of psychosis?
- Flat/Blunted affect
- Apathy (lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern)
- Avolition (the lack of motivation or ability to do tasks or activities that have an end goal, such as paying bills or attending a school function)
- Anhedonia
- Alogia (lack of conversation)
What is a delusion?
A false fixed belief that is inconsistent with ones social, cultural and religios beliefs which can’t be reasoned by with the use of logic.
What is a delusion of persecution?
Belief that others are hostile or trying to harm the individual
What is a delusion of reference?
Belief that public events or people are directly related to the individual
What is a somatic delusion?
Belief that am individuals body is altered from natural structure or function.
What is a thoughts of broadcasting delusion?
Belief that an individuals unspoken thoughs can be heard.
What are delusions of control?
Belief that an individuals actions or thoughts are controlled by an external person or force.
What are Nihilistic delusions?
Belief that reality and existance is gone or was never there.
What are delsuions of self-depreciation?
Belief that one is not worthy of routine or usual aspects of life.
What is a delusion of grandeur?
Inflated sense of self-worth and abilities.
What is a hallucination?
A sensory expereince that is not actually casued by an external stimulus. Not the same as a illusion.
Name 6 types of hallucinations.
- Auditory,
- visual,
- tactile,
- somatic,
- olfactory,
- gustatory
What is disorganised speech?
The inward expression from experiencing abnormal thought processes (ie formal though disorder).
What is tangible thinking?
Ideas that fail to follow logical flow.
What is clanging?
When words are put together because of how they sound instead of what they mean.
What is echolalia?
When an individual repeats noises and phraases that they hear.
What is flat/blunted affect?
Decrease or absent of emotion expression
What is apathy?
Feelings of indifference towards people, activities and situations.
What is alogia?
Povery of speech.
What is avolition?
Lack of motivation or ability to do everyday tasks or activities.
What is the most common type of psychosis?
Schizophrenia.
What characterises Schizophrenia?
Major disturbance in someones thoughts, perceptions, cognition and behavioural functioning.
In men, when are men usually diagnosed with Schizophrenia?
Early 20s.
In women, when are they usually diagnosed with Schizophrenia?
Late 20s.
Schizophrenia is often linked with what use?
Linked with cannabis and amphetamine use.
What are some signs and symptoms of Schizophrenia?
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised Speech
- Disorganised or catatonic behaviour
- Negative symptoms
What is a delusional disorder?
- When a person experiences one or more delusions for a period of time
- Unlike schizophrenia, everyday functioning is not overtly impacted and negative symptoms qare not often experienced
- Common types of delusions are related to grandeur and persecution
What is a Schizoaffective Disorder?
- A person experiences concurrent depression or mania with psychotic symptoms
- Though symptoms may occur at the same time or at difference times, the person often experiences a correlation between mood and psychotic symptoms.
What is a Brief psychotic disorder?
- A person experiences sudden onset of psychotic symptoms (ie positive symptoms) for at least a day but no longer than a month.
- The person often will recover from the disorder and have no further impact to their everyday functioning.
What are the two types of Antipsychotics?
Typical and atypical.
What are typical antipsychotics?
- First generation medication for positive symptoms that affects dopamine receptors.
- Can have serious side effects.
What are three examples of typical antipsychotics?
- chlorpromazine,
- haloperidol,
- fluphenazine
What can occur in rare situations when typical antipsychotics are used?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
What is Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)?
NMS a life-threatening neurologic emergency associated with the use of antipsychotic (neuroleptic) agents and characterized by a distinctive clinical syndrome of mental status change, rigidity, fever, and dysautonomia
What are Extrapyramidal side effects?
Physical symptoms, including:
- tremor,
- slurred speech,
- akathesia
- dystonia,
- anxiety,
- distress,
- paranoia
- bradyphrenia
What is tardive dyskinesia?
Tardive dyskinesias (TDs) are involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, face, trunk, and extremities.
What are atypical antipsychotics?
Second generation. Affects both serotonin and dopamine receptors. Less NMS and EPSE side effects experienced.
What are side effectgs of atypical antipsychotics?
- Weight gain (can lead to diabetes)
- Constipation & GIT upset
- Dizziness
- Hypersalivation
- EPSE at high doses
- Increased HR and cardiac arrhythmias
- Seizures
- Sexual disturbance (low libido or erectile dysfunction)
- Agitation and anxiety
