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SNUG206 Mental Health & Psychiatric Nursing Care > General Revision > Flashcards

General Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

What is mental illness?

A

A diagnosable illness that significantly affects how a person feels, thinks, behaves, and interacts with other people (sometimes the term mental disorder is also used to refer to mental illness).

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2
Q

In Australia, the classification and diagnosis of mental illnesses is mostly done according to what?

A

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition (DSM-5).

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3
Q

Who diagnoses mental illnesses?

A

Psychiatrists, some psychologists, and medical practitioners

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4
Q

What does CHIME stand for?

A

Connections

Hope

Identity

Meaning

Empowerment

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5
Q

What is recovery?

A

Recovery means being able to create, and live, a meaningful and contributing life in a community of choice - with or without the presence of mental health issues.

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6
Q

What is a Mental Health Assessment?

A

Similar to a primary health assessment and is designed to gain an overall picture of the person and their mental health (i.e. previous hospitalisation, family history, current concerns, etc).

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7
Q

What is a Mental State Examination?

A

A structured tool of describing a persons current mental health based on interaction and observations.

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8
Q

What are some elements of a Mental Health Assessment?

A
  • Presenting problem for the person
  • History of presenting problems (onset, duration, course, severity)
  • Strengths and goals for the person
  • Current functioning across domains (e.g. employment/education, family, social, etc)
  • Relevant cultural issues (personal and family)
  • Previous mental health concerns or illnesses (personal and family history)
  • Current medications
  • Medical history
  • Family history
  • Developmental history
  • Substance use
  • Forensic and legal history
  • Risk screen (for example, suicide, self-harm, aggression, vulnerability)
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9
Q

What are the elements of a MSE?

A
  • Behaviour and Appearance
  • Speech
  • Mood & Affect
  • Thought Form
  • Thought content
  • Perception
  • Orientation & Memory
  • Insight and judgement
  • Risk
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10
Q

What legislation allows treatment without consent of the consumer in NSW?

A

Mental Health Act 2007 (NSW)

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11
Q

What does the limbic system consists of?

A

Amygdala, Hippocampus, Thalamus and Hypothalamus.

Important for dopamine, serotonin & gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

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12
Q

What is the function of the Limbic System?

A
  • Role in learning, memory and emotions
  • Visceral responses with motivational states
  • Regulates anger, fear, anxiety, pleasure, sorrow, rage, sexual arousal
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13
Q

What does the Amygdala do?

A
  • Involved in emotions.
  • Decides how and where memories are stored in the brain.
  • Connected to fear and anxiety response.
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14
Q

What does the Hippocampus do?

A

Involved in learning and memory (automatic unconscious/simple memory)

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15
Q

What does the Thalamus do?

A

Relay centre for incoming seonsory information from the brain to the cerebral cortex.

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16
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Regulates basic biological needs: thirst, hunger & temperature control

17
Q

What does the basal ganglia do?

A

Involved in planning and raw cordination of movement.

18
Q

What are the main neurotransmitters assocaited with the limbic system?

A

Dopamine, Serotonin & GABA

19
Q

What is the major function of dopamine?

A
  • Thinking, decision making.
  • Fine ,muscle movement,
  • intergration of thoughs and emotions
20
Q

Whats are the effects of EXCESS dopamine?

A
  • Disorganised thoughts,
  • hallucinations and delusions,
  • mania
  • tics and complusions
21
Q

What is the major function of Serotonin?

A
  • activity and behaviour,
  • sleep time,
  • temp regulation,
  • pain perception
  • mood states
22
Q

What are the effects of EXCESS serotonin?

A
  • Sedation,
  • Halluciation
  • mania
23
Q

What are the major funstions of GABA?

A
  • Muscle relaxer,
  • balances and offsets excitatory neurons,
  • involed in allergies.
24
Q

What are the effects of EXCESS GABA?

A

Sleep and eating disorders.

25
Q

What is a Agonist?

A

A drug that binds to the receptor and stimulates the receptor’s function

26
Q

What is a Antagonist?

A

A drug that blocks and inhibits the receptor

27
Q

What is paraphrasing?

A

Involves reinstating in our own words what an individual has said. Encourages a shared understanding and correct any misunderstandings.

Example: “In other words, you become upset when people dismiss your feelings?”

28
Q

Reflecting Feelings

A

Involves verbalising the implied feelings from a person’s comment. Encourages the person to add further comments. Example: “it sounds like you’re a bit upset in how the nurse spoke to you yesterday”

29
Q

What is clarifying?

A

Is an attempt to understand the basic nature of a persons statements. Ensures that you understand the persons message better.

Example: “I’m a bit confused on what the doctor actually told you, could you go over that again?”

30
Q

What is checking perceptions?

A

Sharing how you perceive the persons current situation. Gives the person an opportunity to correct inaccurate perceptions.

Example: “During our conversation, I have noticed that you keep looking away when you talk about your mother. Is it fair to say that talking about her makes you feel uncomfortable?”

31
Q

What is pinpointing?

A

Brings attention to important statements that required to be explored. Can be useful in understanding observed inconsistencies.

Example: “When you were just talking, you mentioned forgetting to take your medication; how many doses did you miss?” OR “you said that you were feeling sad, but you’re laughing and smiling”.

32
Q

What is a strengths-based approach?

A

A strengths-based approach moves the focus away from deficits of people living with a mental illness/disorder and focuses on the strengths and resources of the consumers.

33
Q

What common practices can nurses utilise to move away from a deficits model and towards a strengths-based approach?

A
  • A focus on individual strengths rather than pathology, diagnosis or labels
  • Viewing the community as abundant in resources
  • Interventions that are based on client self-determination
  • The primary and essential nature of the manager-client relationship
  • Aggressive outreach as the preferred mode of intervention
  • A belief that people can learn, grow and change
34
Q

What are some common strengths of people?

A

Internal Resources

· Qualities & Personal Characteristics

· Interests & Aspirations

· Talents & Skills

External Resources

· Family & Friends / Carer Network

· Material Resources

· Community Resources

35
Q

When conducting a strengths assessment, we need to ensure that what?

A
  1. We gain a holistic view of the person and how this can be linked to their strengths;
  2. Be expansive rather than reductionist. For instance, not focusing on their symptoms or diagnoses, but rather; what experiences they’ve had during their life & how these lead to their personal strengths;
  3. Understand the meaning of the person’s perspective and what they perceive as goals, rather than you making presumptions;
  4. Remember that strengths don’t have to be exceptional. They can be everyday abilities.
36
Q

What is metabolic syndrome?

A

A cluster of different risks including:

  • Obesity
  • Hypertension
  • Dyslipidaemia
  • Impaired fasting glucose or diabetes
37
Q

What are the elements of the cycle of aggression?

A
  1. Background factors
  2. The triggering event
  3. The escalation stage
  4. Crisis
  5. The Recovery stage
  6. Post-crisis depression
38
Q

What are the goals of de-escalation?

A
  • Understand the person’s expectations
  • Communicate back to them that you understand
  • Encourage the other person to think about and re-focus on solving the problem
  • Help negotiate a solution
  • Keep everyone safe
39
Q

What are the Ten Domains of De-escalation?

A
  1. Respect and personal space
  2. Do not be provocative
  3. Establish verbal contact
  4. Be concise
  5. Identify wants and feelings
  6. Listen closely
  7. Agree, or agree to disagree
  8. Set clear limits
  9. Offer choices and optimism
  10. Debrief the person and other staff

SNUG206 Mental Health & Psychiatric Nursing Care (7 decks)

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