Psychotherapy Flashcards
Creator of cognitive analytical therapy
Anthony Ryle
Traps
A flawed thinking pattern / coping strategy that serves to aggravate rather than help an underlying problem.
Negative assumptions generate acts and then confirm assumptions.
Dilemma
Perceiving options in terms of polarised choices, neither of which is satisfactory.
Snags
Thinking patterns that cause us to abandon appropriate goals due to a perception that we will be unsuccessful or will harm someone
Dichotomous thinking
Tendency to see things in black and white rather than shades of grey
Personalisation
Assuming that things happen due to us, when there is no causal relationship
Overgeneralisation
Coming to a general conclusion based on one piece of evendence
Arbitrary inference
Drawing an unjustified conclusion
Selective abstraction
Concentrating on negative, ignoring the positive
Catastrophising
Expecting disaster from relatively trivial events
Filtering
Selecting only negative aspects of a situation and leaving out the positive
Control fallacies
Believing we are responsible for everything (internal CF) or nothing (external CF)
Fallacy of fairness
Believing life is fair
Blaming
Holding others responsible for our distress
Shoulds
Preconceived rules which make us angry when others don’t obey them
Magnification
A tendency to exaggerate the importance of negative information, whilst trivialising positive information
Emotional reasoning
What we feel must be true
Fallacy of change
Expecting others to change just because it suits us
Global labelling
Exaggerrating and labelling behaviour (I’m a loser)
Always being right
The need to be right dominates all other needs
Heaven’s reward fallacy
Sacrifices will pay off
Magical thinking
Incorrectly believing our actions influence outcomes
Structural family therapy
Developed by Salvador Minuchin
Assumes family structure is wrong. Dysfunctional families are thought to be marked by impaired boundaries, inappropriate alignments, and power imbalances.
Strategic family therapy
Jay Haley and Cloe Madanes
Dysfunctional families have problematic repetitive patterns of communication, which were initially intended as a solution to a symptom, but become the problem in themselves.
Associated with task-setting and goal-setting
Systemic family therapy (Milan Model)
Mara Selvini-Palazolli
Family is a self-regulating system which controls itself according to rules formed over time through trial and error. The way to eliminate a symptom is to change the rules.
Transgenerational family therapy
Aims to understand how families, across generations, develop patterns of behaving and responding to stress in ways that prevent health development and lead to problems.
Solution focused therapy
Focused on present and future, rather than how problems arise. Assumes families have the means to generate own solutions, even if they aren’t using them at present. If something works, don’t change it and do more of it. It if doesn’t, do something different.
