Psychotherapy

Question 1

Creator of cognitive analytical therapy

Answer 1

Anthony Ryle

Question 2

Traps

Answer 2

A flawed thinking pattern / coping strategy that serves to aggravate rather than help an underlying problem.

Negative assumptions generate acts and then confirm assumptions.

Question 3

Dilemma

Answer 3

Perceiving options in terms of polarised choices, neither of which is satisfactory.

Question 4

Snags

Answer 4

Thinking patterns that cause us to abandon appropriate goals due to a perception that we will be unsuccessful or will harm someone

Question 5

Dichotomous thinking

Answer 5

Tendency to see things in black and white rather than shades of grey

Question 6

Personalisation

Answer 6

Assuming that things happen due to us, when there is no causal relationship

Question 7

Overgeneralisation

Answer 7

Coming to a general conclusion based on one piece of evendence

Question 8

Arbitrary inference

Answer 8

Drawing an unjustified conclusion

Question 9

Selective abstraction

Answer 9

Concentrating on negative, ignoring the positive

Question 10

Catastrophising

Answer 10

Expecting disaster from relatively trivial events

Question 11

Filtering

Answer 11

Selecting only negative aspects of a situation and leaving out the positive

Question 12

Control fallacies

Answer 12

Believing we are responsible for everything (internal CF) or nothing (external CF)

Question 13

Fallacy of fairness

Answer 13

Believing life is fair

Question 14

Blaming

Answer 14

Holding others responsible for our distress

Question 15

Shoulds

Answer 15

Preconceived rules which make us angry when others don’t obey them

Question 16

Magnification

Answer 16

A tendency to exaggerate the importance of negative information, whilst trivialising positive information

Question 17

Emotional reasoning

Answer 17

What we feel must be true

Question 18

Fallacy of change

Answer 18

Expecting others to change just because it suits us

Question 19

Global labelling

Answer 19

Exaggerrating and labelling behaviour (I’m a loser)

Question 20

Always being right

Answer 20

The need to be right dominates all other needs

Question 21

Heaven’s reward fallacy

Answer 21

Sacrifices will pay off

Question 22

Magical thinking

Answer 22

Incorrectly believing our actions influence outcomes

Question 23

Structural family therapy

Answer 23

Developed by Salvador Minuchin

Assumes family structure is wrong. Dysfunctional families are thought to be marked by impaired boundaries, inappropriate alignments, and power imbalances.

Question 24

Strategic family therapy

Answer 24

Jay Haley and Cloe Madanes

Dysfunctional families have problematic repetitive patterns of communication, which were initially intended as a solution to a symptom, but become the problem in themselves.

Associated with task-setting and goal-setting

Question 25

Systemic family therapy (Milan Model)

Answer 25

Mara Selvini-Palazolli

Family is a self-regulating system which controls itself according to rules formed over time through trial and error. The way to eliminate a symptom is to change the rules.

Question 26

Transgenerational family therapy

Answer 26

Aims to understand how families, across generations, develop patterns of behaving and responding to stress in ways that prevent health development and lead to problems.

Question 27

Solution focused therapy

Answer 27

Focused on present and future, rather than how problems arise. Assumes families have the means to generate own solutions, even if they aren’t using them at present. If something works, don’t change it and do more of it. It if doesn’t, do something different.