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Paper B > Psychotherapy > Flashcards

Psychotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

who coined ‘containment’

A

Bion

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2
Q

Thanatos

A

death instinct

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3
Q

Eros

A

life instinct

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4
Q

who started DBT

A

Marsha Linehan

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5
Q

Who started cognitive therapy

A

Beck

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6
Q

Who started CAT

A

Anthony Ryle

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7
Q

Yalom principles of group psychotherapy (12)

A

universality
altruism
instillation of hope
imparting information
corrective recapitulation of the primary family experience
development of socialising techniques
imitative behaviour
cohesiveness
existential factors
catharsis
interpersonal learning
self understanding

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8
Q

Bion 2 basic assumption groups

A

Dependency - turn toward leader to protect from anxiety

Fight-flight - act as if there is an enemy who much be attacked/avoided

Pairing - acts as if the answer lies in the pairing of 2 of the members (either friendly or hostile pairing)

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9
Q

Operant conditioning - who

A

Skinner

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10
Q

Client centred therapy - who

A

Carl Rogers

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11
Q

who coined ‘hypnosis’

A

Braid

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12
Q

Negative automatic thoughts (19)

A

Dichotomous thinking
Personalisation
Overgeneralisation
Arbitrary inference
Selective abstraction
Catastrophising
Filtering
Control Fallacies
Fallacy of Fairness
Blaming
Shoulds
Magnification
Minimisation
Emotional Reasoning
Fallacy of Change
Global Labelling
Always being right
Heaven’s reward fallacy
Magical thinking

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13
Q

Dichotomous thinking

A

tendency to see things as black and white rather than shades of grey

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14
Q

personalisation

A

incorrectly assuming that things happen due to us

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15
Q

overgeneralisation

A

coming to a general conclusion based on a single piece of evidence

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16
Q

arbitrary inference

A

drawing of an unjustified conclusion

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17
Q

selective abstraction

A

concentrating on the negative while ignoring the positives

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18
Q

catastrophising

A

expecting disaster from relatively trivial events

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19
Q

filtering

A

selecting out only negative aspects of a situation and leaving out the positive

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20
Q

control fallacies

A

believing we are responsible for everything (internal control fallacy) or nothing (external control fallacy)

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21
Q

fallacy of fairness

A

believing that life is fair

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22
Q

blaming

A

holding other responsible for our distress

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23
Q

shoulds

A

preconceived rules we believe (often incorrect) which make us angry when others don’t obey them

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24
Q

magnification

A

a tendency to exaggerate the importance of negative information or experiences, while trivialising or reducing the significance of positive information or experiences

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25
minimisation
an undervaluation of positive attributes
26
emotional reasoning
believing what we feel must be true
27
fallacy of change
expecting others to change just because it suits us
28
global labelling
exaggerating and labelling behaviour (eg when you fail at something, saying 'i'm a loser')
29
always being right
when the need to be right dominates all other needs
30
heaven's reward fallacy
expecting our sacrifices will pay off
31
magical thinking
incorrectly believing that our actions influence the oucome
32
obsessional neurosis
coined by Freud now recognised as OCD usually starts in early adult life and the intelligence of those affected is usually average or above
33
Wilfred Bion
theories on group dynamics saw each group as having a work group and a basic assumption group 3 basic assumptions - fight or flight, dependency and pairing
34
anna freud
developed the concept of the defence mechanisms
35
otto kernberg
transference focused psychotherapy useful for people with borderline personality disorder
36
margaret mahler
theories on child development 3 main phases - autistic, symbiotic, separation-individuation
37
donald winnicott
introduced the concept of the transitional object and the good enough mother
38
harry stack sullivan
credited with the introduction of interpersonal therapy
39
erik erickson
known for his stages of psychosocial development
40
carl jung
introduced persona (mask) which is the part of the ego presented to other people. the other more hidden part of the self is the 'shadow'. differentiated between the personal unconscious (individuals personal memories) and collective unconscious (set of memories and ideas that is shared amongst all of humanity) talked of archetypes (symbolic images in the collective unconscious). important archetypes are anima (female principle), animus (male principle), the shadow and the self
41
jung's archetypes
anima - female principle animus - male principle shadow self
42
alfred adler
believed that the main driving force in personality is a striving for superiority
43
neo-freudians (10)
alfred adler carl jung erik erickson harry stack sullivan wilfred bion john bowlby anna freud otto kernberg margaret mahler donald winnicott
44
bion - working group
one that is working well and getting the job done
45
bion - basic assumption group
one that is acting out primitive fantasies and preventing things from getting done
46
interpersonal therapy - social functioning problems thought to arise from 4 areas...
grief role transitions interpersonal deficits role risputes
47
psychodrama
moreno
48
Freud - Id
area that contains instinctive drives operates under 'primary process thinking' acts according to the 'pleasure principle' is without a sense of time
49
Freud - ego
attempts to modify the drives from the Id with external reality operates on the 'reality principle' aspects that are conscious, preconscious and unconscious home to the defense mechanisms
50
Freud - super ego
constantly observes a person and acts as critical agency freud claimed it developed from internalised values of a child's main carers the 'ego ideal' is part of the super ego and represents ideal attitudes and behaviour it is useful to think of the super ego as the conscience
51
Who founded Gestalt theory?
Perls
52
What is gestalt therapy
focusses on self awareness and integration of thoughts, feelings and behaviours in the present moment
53
who founded psychodrama
moreno
54
what is psychodrama
therapeutic approach that utilises role-playing and group dynamics to explore and resolve emotional issues
55
who founded interpersonal THEORY
sullivan
56
what is interpersonal THEORY
highlighted the influence of interpersonal relationships on an individual's development and mental health
57
who founded interpersonal THERAPY
klerman and weissman
58
what is interpersonal THERAPY
time limited therapy that targets interpersonal issues and aims to improve relationships and alleviate symptoms
59
who revolutionised hypnotherapy?
milton erikson
60
who founded therapeutic community
thomas main / maxwell jones
61
what is therapeutic community
creating supportive and structured environments for individuals with mental health challenges to heal and grow
62
who developed CAT
anthony ryle
63
basics of what CAT is
integrative approach that combines elements of cognitive therapy and psychoanalytic principles to understand and address long-standing patterns of behaviour
64
who developed DBT
marsha linehan
65
basics of what DBT is
comprehensive treatment for individuals with borderline PD, focussing on emotion regulation, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness and mindfulness skills
66
who developed rational emotive therapy
albert ellis
67
what is rational emotive therapy
a form of CBT that emphasises identifying and challenging irrational beliefs to promote healthier thoughts and emotions
68
who devised analytical psychology
Carl Jung
69
what is analytical psychology
exploring the unconscious, archetypes and individuation process to achieve psychological wholeness and self-realisation
70
who founded client-centred therapy
carl rogers
71
what is client centred therapy
emphasizes empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness to create a supportive therapeutic environment that facilitates self-exploration and personal growth
72
who started systematic desensitisation
joseph wolpe
73
who did operant conditioning
skinner
74
who did classical conditioning
pavlov
75
who identified therapeutic factors of group psychotherapy
yalom
76
what are the therapeutic factors of group psychotherapy (3)
universality interpersonal learning group cohesiveness
77
who started community therapy
aaron rapoport
78
who started motivational interviewing
willer
79
who started cognitive therapy
beck
80
who started moral therapy
tuke
81
who started behavioural activation
martell
82
who started mentalisation based treatment
fonagy and bateman
83
what is mentalisation based treatment
focusses on enhancing individuals' capacity to understand their own and others mental states to improve interpersonal relationships and mental health
84
Traps (CAT)
Negative assumptions generate acts and then confirm assumptions
85
Dilemmas (CAT)
Options for action are conceived in the form of polarised choices
86
Snags (CAT)
Appropriate goals are abandoned if unacceptable to self or others
87

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