Psychotherapy Flashcards
3 main approaches fro treatment and the methods they contain?
1) INSIGHT - psychoanalysis, client centred, cognitive
2) BEHAVIOURAL - Cognitive behavioural approaches - Classical Conditioning, Systematic Desensitization
3) BIOMEDICAL - drug therapy > anti anxiety, antidepressants, antipsychotics.
Most important part of treatment?
People who can support and help individual to change.
Goal of Insight therapies?
- Guide client toward an understanding that their unrealistic thought patterns are incorrect
- Help clients achieve conscious awareness of the psychodynamics that underlie their problems.
- free association, dream interpretation, Transference
What is Free Association?
Insight therapy
- Psychoanalysis
- lie on couch
- Speak out load any thoughts, feelings, images that entered awareness
What is Resistance?
Avoidance patterns that hinder therapy
What is Transference?
The client begins talking to analysts as if they were the person that their thoughts and feelings were directed to
Psychodynamic therapy success?
Too expensive/ time consuming
- Interpersonal Therapy can be successful in talking through and adapting to struggles/ changes in relationships
Goal of Behaviour Therapy?
- If maladaptive behaviour is learned, so too can it be unlearned
When is behaviour therapy effective ve ineffective?
Very helpful for phobias and social anxiety and OCD
Not helpful for genetic DOs (schizophrenia, major mood DOs)
Client Centred Therapy?
Insight Therapy - Carl Rogers
- Most important active ingredient in therapy is the relationship b/w client and therapist
3 important attributes of CCT?
Unconditional Positive Regard
Empathy
Genuineness
What is Gestalt Psych?
Bring together the whole of our experiences into immediate awareness to gain full understanding of how thoughts, feelings, memories control us
What is Rational Emotive Therapy?
Cognitive (Insight) therapy
- Irrational thoughts, not unconscious dynamics were the main cause of self-defeating emotions
- Uses the ABCD model
Beck’s Cognitive Therapy?
Show clients that their thoughts/ logic, not their situation, cause their maladaptive emotional reaction
- Most helpful w/ depression - treatment of choice
Classical Conditioning techniques?
Used for Behavioural therapies
Exposure
Systematic Desensitization
What is Exposure therapy?
Behavioural
Used for Phobias
- Expose the client to the fear creating conditioned stimulus w/o the unconditioned stimulus while using Response Prevention Techniques
- Believe that the anxiety will extinguish over time w/ prolonged exposure
- Treatment of choice for PTSD
What is Systematic Desensitization?
Behavioural
> Learning based treatment for anxiety DOs
> Uses Counter-conditioning
- produce a new response that is incompatible with anxiety to be conditioned to the anxiety-arousing stimulus
> Be very relaxed and construct a stimulus hierarchy
- Create low anxiety response to those stimuli as one talks through them one by one = desensitization
What is AVERSION THERAPY?
Behavioural
Pair an attractive (but maladaptive stimulus) w/ a noxious unconditioned stimuli to condition an aversion to the conditioned (attractive) stimuli
For substance abuse - inject client with nausea inducing drug and have them drink alcohol
What is Behaviour Modification?
Treatment techniques that use operant conditioning to increase or decrease a behaviour
- Helpful for those w/ Schizophrenia
- Positive reinforcement with the Token Economy has been successful in encouraging behaviour change in schizophrenic mental hospital patients
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT)
> Developed specifically for Borderline Personality DO (BPDO)
- these people are very difficult to treat because they…
- struggle having relationships
- low emotional control
- self-destructive behaviours
- Often suicidal
Consists of a package of elements from many different techniques
> Behaviour techniques to learn interpersonal/ emotional control skills
> Cog. Techniques to learn more adaptive thinking about life
> Psychodynamics to trace the early development of DO and its causes
> Humanistic emphasis on tolerating negative emotions better
Goal is to stop self-destructive behaviours!
Important Cultural Factors in Therapy?
Cultural congruence
Cultural Competence
Need more diverse therapists
Use culture specific elements in therapy
What is the Specificity Question?
Which therapy, given by which therapists, to which DO, produces what effects?
What is Biomedical Psychotherapy?
The use of drugs in biological interventions of psych DOs
Drug therapies are the most common therapy
3 common drugs classes
3 Factors affecting the outcome of Therapy?
> Therapist Variables (empathy, genuineness, experience)
> Client Variables (opens, self-relatedness, nature of the problem)
> Techniques (timing, specific ones used)
Also the quality of relationship b/w therapist and client
