Psychosocial Theory

Question 1

Freud- Oral stage

Answer 1

• Oral satisfaction is vital
• the id is the most primitive part of the personality originating from the infant
• infant realises the parent is a separate person

Question 2

Freud- Anal stage

Answer 2

• focus of pleasure becomes anal zone
• child asked to withhold pleasure to meet societal expectations
• ego begins to develop

Question 3

Freud- Phallic stage

Answer 3

• sexual organs gain prominence
• boy becomes interested in penis, girl realises she doesn’t have one
• sexual wishes are driven underground by developing superego

Question 4

Freud- Latency

Answer 4

• aggressive and sexual urges suppressed
• minimal sexual interest
• period of increased energy and effort

Question 5

Freud- Genital stage

Answer 5

• sexual urges re-emerge

- moves from attachment to independence from parent

Question 6

Erikson- Trust vs Mistrust

Answer 6

• birth to 1 year
• infant trusts primary caregiver
• when infants needs are met consistently, they view the world as safe
• neglect causes mistrust
• a balanced outcome allows the adult person to be aware that not every person is equally trustworthy

Question 7

Erikson- Autonomy vs Shame

Answer 7

• 1-3 years
• the child develops a sense of their own abilities
• some children begin to exert their own influence inappropriately
• when disciplined harshly, they experience shame and doubt

Question 8

Erikson- Initiative vs Guilt

Answer 8

• physical and intellectual abilities expanded
• after realising their own abilities, children can now set goals and reach achievements
• childrens goals may come into conflict, requiring adult response
• punitive adult response cause guilt in child, limiting initiative

Question 9

Erikson- Industry vs Inferiority

Answer 9

• 6-11 years
• children become eager to apply themselves to socially productive tasks
• they don’t have adult abilities and do not achieve as much
• may cause feelings of inferiority or inadequacy

Question 10

Erikson- Identity vs Role confusion

Answer 10

• puberty
• personal identity begins to develop
• acquiring an identity is essential for making adult decisions
• peers play a major role in identity development

Question 11

Erikson- Intimacy vs Isolation

Answer 11

• young adults
• deeper capacity to love others
• unformed identities make intimacy difficult, leading to isolation

Question 12

Erikson- Generativity vs Stagnation

Answer 12

• middle age
• the adult can focus on raising the next generation
• the ability to sacrifice one’s own needs to care for others is possible with or without offspring
• adults can become too absorbed in their own achievements

Question 13

Erikson- Integrity vs Despair

Answer 13

• old age
• adults suffer loss of status and function
• they struggle to find meaning in the life they have lived
• some see their lives as successes and some as failures
• despairs arises from the realisation that it is too late to achieve goals