Psychosocial test 2 Flashcards
Addiction
Repeated involvement with a substance or activity, despite current harm, because the substance or activity is pleasurable or valuable
“Addictive Personality”
not a diagnosis, an indicator. think addictions –>concern for substance abuse
Impulsivity
Sensation-seeking
Nonconformity to social standards
Social alienation and tolerance for deviance(may not fit into society and ok with others who are)
Heightened stress with poor coping skills (situations other would find tollerable)
substance abuse qualities
Impaired Control (doesnt feel in charge)
Social Impairment (causes)
Risky Use Patterns (even when know dangerous)
Pharmacological Indicators
substance abuse: social impairment
Substance use despite interference with work, social, or family obligations (missing work, isolation, loss of income)
Interpersonal impairment (fighting, withdrawal from social groups or hobbies)
substance abuse -Risky Use Pattern
Continued use in risky circumstances (driving, operating machinery, business transactions)
Continued use despite physical, medical, or financial impairments resulting from use. can include losing a job or cirrhosis.
Sleep Cycles
Proceed through stages of brain activity measured by EEG
REM - brain activity increased, physical paralysis
NREM - “deeper” stages of sleep characterized by increasing amounts of delta wave activity
“Average” adult sleep cycle is approximately 90 minutes
REM Sleep
“Rapid Eye Movement” Sleep
Lighter stage of sleep with dreams, partial or complete physical paralysis
Contributes less to feeling of restful sleep
Non-REM Sleep
Characterized by increasing delta wave frequency
Associated with increased feeling of restfulness
Divided into three, increasingly “deep” stages
How Other Creatures Sleep
Length of sleep cycle varies among species, roughly correlated with metabolic rate
Faster metabolism = shorter sleep cycles (high=short ex:rats)
Most animals have REM and NREM cycles
hemispheric sleep, can you see rem sleep in pets?
fish/some land animals, sleep one hemisphere at a time so that one half of brain is awake and aware (for possible risk). rem sleep: yes (when animals react to stuff not there when sleeping, dreams maybe)
what phase is the theta wave and what stage is the sleep spindkle and k complex and what state is the detla waves and how does rem sleep differ
theta waves = stage one, sleep spindle and k complex = stage 2 , stage 3 or 4 is delta waves, rem sleep is restful looks like awake
Insomnia
Dissatisfaction with quantity or quality of sleep
May be initial, middle, or late in sleep cycle
Non restorative sleep - complaint that the person does not feel rested upon awakening
May be associated with physical or other psychiatric disorders
pt says” cant sleep” : ask questions? challges: falling asleep, staying asleep, restlesness, pattern of where issue is this clues into what’s going on?
what disorders relate to falling asleep? aka sleep latency
normal is 30 minutes or less,
psychiatric disorders, such anxiety.
insomnia disorder qualifications
at least three nights a week for three months, causes distress or impairment, may not be explained by coexisting mental disorder
early wake sleep disorder associated with
major depressive disorder
sleep and wake up odd times?
dimensia or alzheimer disorder. loss of sarcadium rythuym.
Insomnia Disorder generally
Dissatisfaction with quantity or quality of sleep that may be:
Difficulty initiating sleep
Frequent awakenings or problems returning to sleep after awakening
Early awakening with problem returning to sleep
At least three nights a week for three months
Causes clinically significant distress or impairment
Not fully explained by a coexisting mental disorder
Differentials to Consider of insomnia disorder
Normal variations - age related changes, situational variables
Circadian disturbances - late shift work, day-night reversals
Medications, drugs, or beverages (a sign can be weight gain or loss)
shift jobs may cause sleep disterbences, meds/drugs/beverages/food can affect sleep.
Hypersomnolence Disorder
Excessive sleepiness despite adequate sleep time (7 hours)
Recurrent sleep periods during the day or slow awakening (fall asleep easily at wrong times)
Three times per week for three months
Not related to another sleep disorder or substance use
Sleep Disorders names
Insomnia/Hypersomnia
Narcolepsy
Breathing-related sleep disorders
Parasomnias
what psych disorder relates to poor sleep
most of them. major depress other psych, treat by hyponotic meds.
Narcolepsy
Sudden!! and recurrent episodes of an irrepressible need to sleep!!! can be driving a car or any activity–>during the day accompanied by two of the following:
Cataplexy - sudden loss of muscle tone with full consciousness, frequently precipitated by laughter (goes limp and fall, may have a cry before this)
–>Hypocretin deficiency in CSF
Brief sleep latency on EEG
controling when falling asleep, not the latency, still sleep at night. (not from being tired)
Associated Features of narcolepsy
May appear “hazy” or like an automaton
Vivid hypnogogic (falling asleep) or hypnopompic (awakening) hallucinations (during twilight zone)
Vivid dreams or nightmares
Appears sleepy most of the time
During episodes of cataplexy, reflexes abolished
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
On polysomnography (sleep study) at least 15 episodes of apneas (=x breath) or hypopnea (shallow breath) accompanied by snoring, gasping, or breathing pauses Excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, or unrefreshing sleep