Psychosocial / Ethics

Question 1

What are the 4 principles of medical ethics?

Answer 1

• respect for autonomy
• nonmaleficence
• beneficence
• justice

Question 2

What is the principle of respect for autonomy?

Answer 2

the notion that rational agents are making informed and voluntary decisions

Question 3

What is the principle of nonmaleficence?

Answer 3

to not intentionally create a harm or injury to the patient through acts of commission or omission

Question 4

What is the principle of beneficence?

Answer 4

provider should be of benefit to the patient and take positive steps to prevent and remove harm

Question 5

What is the principle of justice?

Answer 5

fairness and fair distribution of goods

Question 6

What is problem-focused coping?

Answer 6

directed toward changing the circumstances facing the individual

Question 7

What is emotion-focused coping?

Answer 7

directed toward reducing emotional distress

Question 8

Repression

Answer 8

feelings, perceptions, memories are lost to consciousness

Question 9

Denial

Answer 9

the reality of a situation is not consciously experienced or recognized

Question 10

Intellectualization

Answer 10

emotional responses are repressed and the situation is addressed through rational, cognitive processes

Question 11

Displacement

Answer 11

when an emotion is expressed to an inappropriate, but more socially acceptable or less anxiety-provoking recipient
(ie anger at GC instead of partner who passed on a dominant allele)

Question 12

Sublimation

Answer 12

when wishes or drives deemed unacceptable are channeled into a more socially acceptable activity
(ie pain and anger over a child with a serious disability channeled into work for a parent support group)

Question 13

Reaction formation

Answer 13

use of the opposite action or emotion to ward off unacceptable emotions or wishes

Question 14

Projection

Answer 14

when repressed or unacceptable emotions or wishes are perceived as residing in others

Question 15

Projective identification

Answer 15

in which an individual’s behavior induces a repressed or unacceptable emotion in another person

Question 16

What are the 3 mimics of denial?

Answer 16

• disbelief
• deferral
• dismissal

Question 17

Disbelief

Answer 17

when the information is heard but not accepted because it does not appear to make sense

Question 18

Deferral

Answer 18

information is accepted but the implications are not; deferral is employed because it helps prevent the impact of the information from exceeding one’s psychological or physical resources

Question 19

Dismissal

Answer 19

devaluing or attacking the legitimacy of professional or profession giving the information

Question 20

Guilt

Answer 20

involves a sense of the self as a responsible agent

Question 21

Shame

Answer 21

involves feelings of exposure/judgement by the world

primarily experienced physiologically (blushing) and emotionally (feelings of inadequacy, failure, exposure)

Question 22

sympathy vs. empathy

Answer 22

sympathy: emotional response based in the counselor’s personal life
empathy: accurately understand the client’s experience as if it were your own and communicate this understanding to the client

Question 23

Transference

Answer 23

when one brings old patterns of expectation to new situations in attempts to create familiar structure for the event

Question 24

Countertransference

Answer 24

the reaction or response to transference; may be associative or projective

Question 25

Escape-avoidance

Answer 25

hoping for a miracle

Question 26

Health Belief Model

Answer 26

involves perceived susceptibility/severity, perceived barriers; cues to action, self-efficacy

Question 27

Stages of Change Model

Answer 27

• precontemplation
• contemplation
• decision
• action
• maintenance

Question 28

Consumer Information Processing Theory

Answer 28

people can only process so much, so information and information-giving must be tailored appropriately to the audience

Question 29

Social Learning Theory

Answer 29

individuals exist within an environment in which personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior continually interact

Question 30

Theory of Reasoned Action

Answer 30

relating to self-efficacy and behavioral intention

Question 31

Do individuals tend to over- or underestimate their personal risk?

Answer 31

overestimate