Psychosocial Development Extra Exam Flashcards
what does the adolescent social world consist of?
- friendships
- subcultures
- family
when did erikson mark the start of adolescence?
in stage 5 of his theory of psycho social development
identity versus confusion
when did freud mark the start of adolescence?
in the genital stage in his stages of psychosexual development
what is individuation
- gradually attaining increased autonomy and self-directness
- adolescents become their own person
- significant changes in relationships with adults in their life
what is achievement
marcias identity patterns
exploration: YES
commitment: YES
moratorium (marcia identity patterns)
exploration: YES
commitment: NO
foreclosure (marcia)
exploration: NO
commitment: YES
diffusion (marcia)
exploration: NO
commitment: NO
what are selmans (1980) stages in conceptions of friendships (hint:0-4)
0: momentary physical interaction
1: one way assitance
2: fair weather cooperation
3: intimate and mutual sharing
4: autonomous interdependence
what is trust vs mistrust and age
0-1 years
- needs met by caretakers
- focus on oral-sensory activity
favourable outcomes of trust vs mistrust
- sense of hope (self-trust)
- fulfill needs successfully
- develop a sense of trust
unfavourable outcomes of trust vs mistrust
- feelings of mistrust
- see word as harsh/unfriendly
- fear/concern regarding others
- later difficulties forming close friendships/bonds
autonomy vs shame and doubt, age?
1-3 years
- exploration/freedom encouraged within safe boundaries
- focus on muscular-anal activity
autonomy vs shame and doubt favourable outcomes
- develop independence
- development control over body functions and will
- self-sufficient, self-directed
- parents permit reasonable free choice
autonomy vs shame and doubt unfavourable outcomes
- feelings of self-doubt
- children restricted/overprotected
- lack of independence/self-respect
- shame/self-doubt/unhappiness
initiative vs guilt, age?
3-6 years
- testing limits of self-assertion
- exploring/experimenting
- purposefully pursue/achieve tasks/goals
initiative vs guilt favourable outcomes
- children treated respectfully
- ability to be “Self-starter”
- initiate own activities
- develop sense of responsibility/purpose
initiative vs guilt unfavourable outcomes
- parents over control
- sense of guilt/inadequency to be on own
- self-critical due to failure to fulfill parental expectation
industry vs inferiority? age?
6-12 years
- focus on attaining competence in meeting challenges
- parents/peers/school/clubs/groups
- develop capacity to cooperate/work with others
industry vs inferiority favourable outcomes
- feelings mastery/proficiency
- growing competence, intellectual, social skills
- place in own social world
industry vs inferiority unfavourable outcomes
- failure, inadequency
- feel unskilled/incapable, no mastery
- withdraw from activities
- less interest/motivation to excel