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Exercise as medicine exam > Psychosis & Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Psychosis & Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the positive symptoms of psychosis and schizophrenia?

A

-hallucinations
-delusions
-disorganised speech

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2
Q

What are the negative symptoms of psychosis and schizophrenia?

A

-Anhedonia (find no enjoyment)
-Anergia (constant lack of energy)
-Apathy (lack of feeling)
-Avolition (lack of motivation)

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3
Q

What are the cognitive symptoms of psychosis and schizophrenia?

A

-cognitive impairment
-poor memory
-processing speed

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4
Q

Why do antipsychotic drugs only have a limited benefit?

A

only treat positive symptoms

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5
Q

What % of SCZ individuals do not respond to antipsychotics?

A

33%

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6
Q

What can antipsychotics negatively induce?

A

extrapyramidal symptoms

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7
Q

What are the adverse effects of antipsychotics?

A

-sedation
-substantial weight gain
-dyslipidaemia (cholesterol)
-impaired glucose tolerance
-hypertension (BP)
-Inflammatory abnormalities

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8
Q

What does inflammation increase the release of?

A

T cells

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9
Q

What do Th1 cells shift to when exercising?

A

Th2 cells

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10
Q

What do Th2 cells release?

A

-anti-inflammatory cytokines
-myokines
(beneficial)

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11
Q

What do Th1 cells release if we don’t exercise and they don’t turn into Th2 cells?

A

-release proinflammatory cytokines
-increase ROS production (causing cell damage)

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12
Q

What intensity do individuals need to work at to induce a physiological change?

A

> 60%HRmax

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13
Q

What are the physiological benefits of exercising?

A

-offset weight gain induced by antipsychotics
-prevent CVD and metabolic syndrome
-reduce premature mortality risks

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14
Q

What does regular exercise induce upregulations in?

A

-Peripheral anti-inflammatory processes
-cytokine and growth factors that can pass the BBB to elicit neuroprotective effects

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15
Q

What beneficial cytokines are increased?

A

-IL-6
-IL-10
-s-TNFr
-IL-1ra
-Treg

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16
Q

What non-beneficial cytokines are decreased?

A

-IL-6 (adipose)
-TNF
-Th1
-TLRexp

17
Q

What does the increase in BDNF cause?

A

increase in cognitive function

18
Q

What does the increase in growth hormone cause?

A

reduction in ROS

19
Q

How can you see if exercise is having an effect on SCZ?

A

Improvement on symptoms such as improvement of quality of life and cognitive function

20
Q

What benefits does exercise have on the brain and CNS?

A

-Increased grey matter
-Increased cognitive function
-influences neurogenesis and synaptic potentiation
-downregulates cerebral cytokines to reduce neuroinflammation
-delays onset of degenerative disease

21
Q

How to increase participation in exercise intervention?

A

-choice of exercise
-supervision
-low skill
(Reference- Fisher et al)
-very low attendance when there is no choice of exercise
(Reference- Frith et al, 2018)

22
Q

What intensity does the exercise need to be performed at and why?

A

60%HRmax
-sufficient cytokine release and decrease inflammation

23
Q

What are the psychosis inflammatory biomarkers that are proinflammatory?

A

-Th1
-Th17
(Reference- Dunleavy et al, 2024)

24
Q

What are the psychosis inflammatory biomarkers that are anti-inflammatory?

A

-Th2
-Treg
(Reference- Dunleavy et al, 2024)

25
Q

What are the psychosis inflammatory biomarkers that are proinflammatory cytokines?

A

-C-reactive protein
-IL-6
-IL-1B
-TNF-a

26
Q

What are the psychosis inflammatory biomarkers that are anti-inflammatory cytokines?

A

-IL-4
-IL-6
-IL-10
-BDNF

27
Q

What is astrogenesis caused by?

A

-improved Th1:Th2 ratio
-Elevated Tregs
-Myokine release
-Growth factors
-antioxidants

28
Q

What are the problems/side-effects with anti-psychotic drugs?

A

-treating positive symptoms by blocking dopamine
-weight gain
-problems with cardiometabolic health
-imbalance in lipid ratio
-insensitivity to insulin

29
Q

What is the ideal intervention for an individual with psychosis and SCZ?

A

-6 weeks
-60%HRmax
-In groups
-Supervised
-Choice of exercise

Exercise as medicine exam (15 decks)

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