Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BRS YR2 > Psychosis > Flashcards

Psychosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychosis?

A

Difficulty perceiving and interpreting reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different types of psychotic disorder?

A
  • schizophrenia
  • schizoaffective disorder
  • bipolar type I
  • delusional disorder
  • substance-related psychosis
  • due to other medical conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is schizophrenia?

A

significant alteration in perception, thoughts, mood and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the risk factors for schizophrenia?

A
  • family history, highly heritable and polygenic
  • cannabis use
  • prenatal/birth complications
  • maternal infections
  • migrant status
  • socioeconomic deprivation
  • childhood trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 3 domains are symptoms classed into?

A
  • Positive symptoms
  • Negative symptoms
  • Disorganisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a hallucination?

A
  • perceptions in the absence of a stimulus
  • audiotry (voices), visual, somatic or olfactory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a delusion?

A
  • Fixed, false beliefs, out of keeping with social/cultural background
  • persecutory, grandiose, religious, mind reading, thought broadcasting, insertion, withdrawal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are positive symptoms?

A
  • An aspect added onto their usual perception/experience
  • hallucinations and delusions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are negative symptoms?

A

The loss of an aspect of perception of day to day living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The 4As of negative symptoms?

A
  • Alogia
  • Anhedonia/asociality
  • Avolition/apathy
  • Affective flattening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are disorganisation symptoms?

A
  • Bizarre behaviour
  • Thought Disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the onset of psychosis?

A
  • can occur at any age
  • peak incidence in adolescence (early 20s)
  • tends to peak later in women
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the course of psychosis?

A
  • Often chronic and episodic
  • Very variable (person to person)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the morbidity of psychosis?

A

Substantial

  • both from the disorder and increased risk of common health problems
  • Large impact on education, employment and functioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What impact does psychosis have on mortality?

A

Substantial

  • loss of 15 years from life expectancy
  • High risk of suicide in schizophrenia - 28% (in excess)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What should you know about previous hospital admissions for patients with psychosis?

A

Whether the patient consented to the admission or was detained by the mental health act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What should you ask in a family history of a patient with psychosis?

A
  • Mental disorders in the family
  • History of abuse, addiction, suicide
  • At home environment
  • Family relationship
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which drugs increase the risk of psychosis?

A

Cannabis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Impact of steroids on mental health?

A

Very large and significant possible impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Corroborative history? DELETE

A
  • Needs consent to divulge
  • Informants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does a mental state examination assess?

A
  • Appearance + Behaviour
  • Speech
  • Mood
  • Thoughts
  • Perceptions
  • Cognition
  • Insight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How to determine if there is pressure of speech?

A

If you cannot interrupt them while they’re speaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What comes first in psychotic depression?

A
  • The extreme depression causes the psychosis
  • unable to be challenged
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When should a cognition exam be done during a psychotic episode?

A

treat them first, then assess cognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is involved in the long term management of psychosis?

A
  • community follow up
  • managing anti-psychotic side effects
  • health promotion/education
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the side effects of anti-psychotics?

A
  • Extra-pyramidal side effects
  • Sedation
  • Agranulocytosis
  • Neutropenia
  • Increased appetite
  • Weight gain
  • Diabetes
  • Dysrhythmia
  • Long QT complex
  • increased prolactin
  • Constipation
27
Q

What is Tardive dyskinesia?

A
  • Repeated oral/facial/buccal/lingual movements
  • initially subtle, progesses to tongue involvement, lip smacking
28
Q

What increases the risk of tardive dyskinesia?

A
  • Long term antipsychotics
  • Female
29
Q

What causes EPSEs (extrapyramidal side effects)?

A

antipsychotics can cause a post-synaptic dopamine blockade in the basal ganglia of the extrapyramidal system (responsible for posture and tone)

30
Q

What are the 4 main types of EPSEs?

A
  • Parkinsonism
  • Acute Dystonia
  • Tardive Dyskinesia
  • Akathisia
31
Q

What is Parkinsonism?

A
  • Rigidity (‘cog-wheeling’)
  • Slow and shuffling gait
  • Lack of arm swing in gait (early sign)
  • ‘pill-rolling’ tremor (slow 4-6Hz movement of the thumb across the other fingers)
32
Q

What causes Parkinson’s?

A

Low dopamine

33
Q

What is the difference between ‘typical’ and ‘atypical’ antipsychotics?

A

‘typical’ antipsychotics tend to cause EPSEs at therapeutic doses.

34
Q

What are the typical antipsychotics?

A
  • first gen
  • haloperidol
  • fluphenazine
35
Q

What are the atypical antipsychotics?

A
  • new gen
  • risperidone
  • olanzapine
  • aripiprazole
36
Q

What is the management of EPSEs?

A
  • avoidance (atypical antipsychotics first line)
  • change medication
  • anticholinergic medications can
  • use lowest theraputic dose
37
Q

What is acute dystonia?

A
  • increased motor tone > sustained abnormal posture
  • can occur shortly after a dopamine antagonist
  • can be: acute, frightening, painful and fatal (laryngeal dystonia)
38
Q

What is Akathisia?

A
  • Inner restlessness
  • Feel compelled to move, but little/no relief
  • can lead to overt, relentless movement
  • most often affects legs
39
Q

What is the pathophysiology of psychosis?

A
  • Increased dopamine activity
  • elevated presynaptic dopamine in the striatum
  • causes reality distortion
40
Q

What are most antipsychotics classed as?

A
  • Dopamine antagonists
  • occasionally partial agonists
41
Q

What drugs can cause psychotic symptoms?

A

Dopamine agonists used to manage Parkinsons disease

42
Q

What are the main 3 forms of treatment?

A
  • Pharmacological
  • Psychological
  • Social support
43
Q

What does psychological support of psychosis involve?

A
  • CBT for psychosis
  • newer therapies (like avatar therapy)
44
Q

What does social support involve after a psychotic break?

A
  • supportive environments, structures and routines
  • housing, benefits
  • financial support
45
Q

What is Insight?

A
  • awareness and recognition that the presenting phenomena is abnormal
  • Acceptance that the abnormal phenomena is caused by mental illness
  • awareness that treatment is required and different treatment recommendations
46
Q

What is cognition?

A
  • Consciousness
  • Orientation
    (can they get to an appointment?)
  • Memory
  • Attention
  • Language functioning
47
Q

What is the syndrome associated with visual hallucinations?

A

Charles Bonnet Syndrome

48
Q

What is involved in the Thoughts part of a mental exam?

A
  • flight of ideas, association loss
  • Morbid thoughts, suicidal thoughts
  • primary and secondary delusions
  • obsessional thoughts and compulsions
49
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary delusions?

A

Primary: occurs suddenly
Secondary: arises from previous abnormal idea/experience

50
Q

What is the term used to describe a shared delusion?

A

folie à deux

51
Q

Thoughts to flag?

A
  • paranoia
  • grandiose/expansive
  • jealousy
  • obsessive control
  • possession of thought (insertion, withdrawal or broadcasting)
52
Q

Flags in mood?

A
  • Emotional lability/incontinence
  • Reduced reactivity/blunting/flattening
  • Increased irritability
  • Congruity (happy when describing sad events?)
53
Q

Flags in Speech?

A 
Quantity
- less/more/mutism
Rate
Latency
Volume
54
Q

Flags in appearance?

A
  • neglect
  • weight loss
  • posture
  • facial expressions
  • movements
  • social behaviour
55
Q

What does weight loss often indicate?

A
  • anorexia nervosa
  • depression
  • cancer
  • hyperthyroidism
  • financial distress
56
Q

What is involved in a past medical history?

A
  • any regular medications?
  • compliance/adherence?
  • over the counter?
  • interactions?
57
Q

What is involved in a personal history?

A
  • birth difficulties?
  • early development, childhood trauma?
  • education and job history?
  • intimate relationships?
58
Q

What is in a past psychiatric history?

A
  • any known diagnosis?
  • any treatment?
  • known to a community team?
  • previous hospital admissions
59
Q

What is Alogia?

A
  • paucity of speech
  • slow responses
60
Q

What are signs of Anhedonia/Asociality?

A
  • few close friends
  • few hobbies and interests
  • impaired social function
61
Q

What are signs of Avolution/Apathy?

A
  • poor self-care
  • lack of persistence at work/education
  • lack of motivation
62
Q

What is Affective Flattening?

A
  • Unchanging facial expressions
  • Few expressive gestures
  • Poor eye contact
  • lack of vocal intonation
63
Q

What is bizarre behaviour?

A
  • bizarre social behaviour
  • odd clothing/appearance
  • aggression/aggitation
  • repetitive/stereotypes behaviour
64
Q

What is thought disorder?

A
  • derailment
  • circumstantial speech
  • pressured speech
  • distractibility
  • incoherent/illogical speech

BRS YR2 (67 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions