Psychosis Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the steps to answering a question dealing with psychosis

A

1) ask: is it non-psychotic or psychosis
2) determine the type of psychosis

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2
Q

what are characteristics of non-psychosis

A
  • pt will have insight and is reality based
  • may be emotionally distressed, but know that they have a problem
  • what they see, hear, feel, etc. is the same as us
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3
Q

what is the treatment for non-psychosis

A
  • good therapeutic communication
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4
Q

what are characteristics of psychosis

A
  • no insight
  • not reality based
  • think everyone else has the problem, not them
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5
Q

delusions, hallucinations, and illusions are ______ symptoms

A
  • psychotic (only pt’s with psychosis get these, non-psychotic DO NOT)
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6
Q

define: delusion

A
  • false, fixed (doesn’t change) idea or belief
  • no sensory component, all has to do with thoughts
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7
Q

what are 3 types of delusions

A
  1. paranoid
  2. grandoise
  3. somatic
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8
Q

what is a paranoid delusion

A
  • false, fixed belief that people are out to harm them
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9
Q

what is a grandoise delusion

A
  • false, fixed belief that you are superior
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10
Q

what is a somatic delusion

A
  • false, fixed belief about your body

ex. body is hollow

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11
Q

define: hallucination

A
  • false, fixed sensory experience
  • hear, feel, taste, smell things
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12
Q

what are 5 types of hallucination

A
  • auditory (voices, etc.)
  • visual
  • tactile (feeling things)
  • gustatory (tasting)
  • olfactory (smelling)
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13
Q

define: illusion

A
  • misinterpretation of reality
  • sensory experience
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14
Q

how can you tell the difference between hallucination and an illusion

A
  • both are sensory experience
  • illusion has a referrant in reality –> something to which a person refers to when they say something, something is actually there, it’s just misinterpreted
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15
Q

ex. the pt says “listen, i hear demon voices”. hallucination or illusion?

A
  • hallucination
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16
Q

ex. pt hears doctors and nurses laughing. says “listen, i hear demon voices”

hallucination or illusion?

A
  • illusion
17
Q

what are the 3 types of psychosis

A
  • functional
  • psychosis of dementia
  • psychotic delirium
18
Q

those with functional psychosis are…

A
  • functional in daily life
19
Q

what 4 diseases make up functional psychosis

A
  • schizophrenia
  • schizophrenia effective disorder
  • major depression
  • manic

(“schizo, schizo, major, manic”)

20
Q

what are the 4 steps of care for functional psychosis (in order)

A

1) acknowledge feelings (answer should either say “feel” or specify a feeling)
2) present reality (“i know ___ is real to you but I don’t ___”)
3) set limits (“this topic is off limits in our convo”)
4) enforce boundaries (end the convo, do not take away privileges/punish them)

21
Q

what is psychosis of dementia

A
  • psychosis due to brain damage
  • not functional
22
Q

what are examples of diseases that cause psychosis of dementia

A
  • dementia
  • alzheimers
  • organic brain damage
  • post-stroke
  • may say “senile”
23
Q

what is care for a pt with psychosis of dementia

A

1) acknowledge feelings
2) re-direct (do not present reality, they cannot learn it, channel from something they can’t do to something they can)

24
Q

what is psychotic delirium

A
  • temporary, sudden, dramatic, 2ndary loss of reality
  • often due to chemical imbalance in the body
25
Q

what are examples of causes of psychotic delirium

A
  • drug rxn
  • OD on upper drug
  • WD on downer drug
  • post-op
  • UTI in older adults
  • thyroid storm
  • adrenal crisis
26
Q

what is the care for a pt with psychotic delirium

A
  • remove underlying cause
  • acknowledge feeling
  • reassure that it’s temporary and that they will be kept safe
27
Q

what is involved in care for personality disorders

A
  • good therapeutic communication
28
Q

define: loosening of association

A
  • thoughts aren’t wrapped too tight = thoughts all over the place
29
Q

what are 3 types of loosening of association

A
  1. flight of ideas
  2. word salad
  3. neologism
30
Q

define: flight of ideas

A
  • each individual phrase is coherent, but incoherent when phrases put together
31
Q

define: word salad

A
  • incoherent phrase with random words
32
Q

define: neologism

A
  • make up imaginary words
33
Q

what is a narrowed self concept

A
  • when a psychotic refuses to leave their room or change their clothes
  • often functional
34
Q

why does narrowed self concept occur?

A
  • because they define who they are based on where and who they are = don’t know who they are unless they’re wearing these clothes in that room
35
Q

what is care for someone with narrowed self concept

A
  • do not force them to change their clothes or leave their room
36
Q

define: ideas of reference

A
  • think everyone is talking about you