Psychopharmacology Flashcards
Synaptic cleft
Small space between 2 neurons
Presynaptic neurons
conduct impulses towards synapse
Postsynaptic neurons
conduct impulses away from synapse
Neurotransmitters are the…
KEY
- binds to receptor sites on postsynaptic neuron to determine if another impulse will be generated
Agonist
Produces a response
- excitatory= key turns
Antagonist
Inhibitory= No response
- key sits and take up space
Inactivated
degraded / broken down by enzyme
Re-uptake
returned to vesicles to be stored and used again ( back to mama )
Re-uptake Inhibitor/ blocker
Stops neurotransmitters from being broken down –> more of the neurotransmitters is available in the environment
Re-uptake enhancer
Increases breakdown of neurotransmitters
Neurons are the..
Door
Receptors is the…
Lock
- protein on surface of/ within cell that binds and initiates a change within the cell
Vesicle
The mom
- holds neurotransmitters and keep it fresh
Neurotransmitter: ACETYLCHOLINE
( Symbol, Categories, What it does?, Destroyed/ inhibited by, Increased/ decreased levels )
- AcH
-Cholinergics - Controls memory, learning, and big mvt
- Increased levels= DEPRESSION
- Decreased levels= ALZHEIMERS
- Destroyed/inhibited by: Acetylcholesterase
Neurotransmitter: NOREPINEPHRINE
( Symbol, Categories, What it does?, Destroyed/ inhibited by, Increased/ decreased levels )
- N
- Monoamines
- Controls: motivation, vigilence, executive function ( attention, concentration, memory, perception, learning, problem solving )
- Decreased levels: Memory loss, social withdrawal, depression
- Increased Levels: MANIA, SCHIZOPHRENIA, ANXIETY
- Destroyed/inhibited by: MAO ( monoamine oxidase)
COMT ( catechol-o-methyltransferase)
Neurotransmitter: DOPAMINE
( Symbol, Categories, What it does?, Destroyed/ inhibited by, Increased/ decreased levels )
- D or DA
- Monoamines
- Controls: Risky (risk taker), Randy (hypersexuality), Reward (brain will seek award)
- Destroyed/inhibited by: MAO ( monoamine oxidase)
COMT ( catechol-o-methyltransferase)
Neurotransmitter: SEROTONIN
( Symbol, Categories, What it does?, Destroyed/ inhibited by, Increased/ decreased levels )
- S / 5-HT
- Monoamines
- Controls: mood, aggression, appetite, libido, sleep, arousal, pain, SI, judgement, coordination
- Role: in anxiety, mood disorders, schizophrenia
- Destroyed/inhibited by: MAO ( monoamine oxidase)
Neurotransmitter: HISTAMINE
( Symbol, Categories, What it does?, Destroyed/ inhibited by, Increased/ decreased levels )
- H
- Monoamines
- Controls: Allergic and inflammation reactions, role in CNS - limited info (wakefulness/ alertness, anti-histamine -> sedation -> sleepy)
- Destroyed/inhibited by: MAO ( monoamine oxidase)
Neurotransmitter: GAMMA-AMINO BUTYRIC ACID
( Symbol, Categories, What it does?, Destroyed/ inhibited by, Increased/ decreased levels )
- GABA
- Amino Acid
- Inhibitory: slow down, body -> reduces aggression anxiety
- Decreased levels= anxiety disorders/ mania-
- Destroyed/inhibited by: GABA transaminase
Neurotransmitter: GLUTAMATE
( Symbol, Categories, What it does?, Destroyed/ inhibited by, Increased/ decreased levels )
- NMDA
- Amino acid
- Controls: learning memory
- Increased levels= alzheimers disease
- Decreased levels= schizophrenia / psychosis
Neurotransmitter: ENDORPHIND AND ENKEPHALINS (opiods)
( Symbol, Categories, What it does?, Destroyed/ inhibited by, Increased/ decreased levels )
- Neuropeptides
- Alters release of dopamine
- may link to schizophrenia
Neurotransmitter: SUBSTANCE P
( Symbol, Categories, What it does?, Destroyed/ inhibited by, Increased/ decreased levels )
- Neuropeptides
- Controls: pain/sensory transmission
- Increased level: Depression
Neurotransmitter: SOMATOSTATIN
( Symbol, Categories, What it does?, Destroyed/ inhibited by, Increased/ decreased levels )
- Growth hormone
- neuropeptides
- Stim release of: D,S,N,ACH
- Inhibits release of: N,H, NMDA
RI =
Re-uptake inhibitor = stops neurotransmitter breakdown
RE=
Re-uptake enhancer= increases neurotransmitter breakdown
SSRI ( med, example, MOA )
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
- Ex: Prozac (fluoxetine)
- MOA: blocks re-uptake of serotonin = more serotonin available in the brain
SDA ( med, example, MOA )
- Serotonin Dopamine Antagonist
- Ex: Seroquel (quetiapine)
- MOA: the neurotransmitter is going to sit there and take up space
SNRI ( med, example, MOA )
- Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor
- Ex: Cymbalta ( venlafxine ), Pristia ( desvenalfaxine )
- MOA: Will make more S and N available at the synaptic cleft
DRI ( med, example, MOA )
- Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor
- Ex: Provigil (modafinil )
- MOA: Will make more D available at the synaptic cleft
SPARI ( med, example, MOA )
- Serotonin Partial Agonist Reuptake Inhibitors
- Ex: Viibryd
- MOA: 2 jobs in 1
