Psychopharmacology

Question 1

Abilify

Answer 1

1 Antipsychotic Drug

-Primarly used Psychotic Disorder at large

Question 2

7 Neurotransmitters

Answer 2

Acetylcholine
Clutamate
Gamma Aminoburtirc Acid (GABA)
Dopamine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Endorphines

Question 3

3 Monoamine Transmitters

Answer 3

Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators that contain one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by 2-carbon chain (ex -CH2 -CH2 -CH2)

Overlapping function of Monoamine Neurotransmitters:
-Dopamine
-Norepinephrine
-Serotonin

Question 4

Cytochrome p450

Answer 4

(Enzyme system) to restore balance are metabolized in the LIVER by enzyme system

Question 5

Acetylcholine

Answer 5

• Present in both PERIPHERAL and CENTRAL nervous systems.
• Disorders associated with acetylcholine include:
  - Alzheimer’s disease; Delirium

Question 6

Peripheral Nervous systems

Answer 6

Allows motor neurons to stimulate muscle fibers to fire, causing contraction of the muscle.

-Reside outside your brain and spinal cord.

Question 7

Central Nervous System

Answer 7

Has more complicated roles. It is somewhat involved in excitatory activities. It is also involved in: Synaptic plasticity, learning, short-term memory.

Question 8

2 types of Acetylcholine

Answer 8

Nicotinic Receptor (in the Peripheral Nervous System)

Muscarinic Receptors ( Peripheral and Central )

= Metabotropic: meaning they affect neuronal functioning indirectly through signal transduction on ion channels rather than directly through the ion channel themselves.

Question 9

Glutamate

Answer 9

• MOST PERVASIVE Excitatory Neurotransmitter in the brain
• Thought of as the accelerator that drives brain function.
• Necessary for: Thought, Learning, and motor activity.

+EXCESS of glutamate can be associated with seizures+

Question 10

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

Answer 10

-Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates.
- The brake that decelerates cerebral function

+Opposite of Glutamate+

Substitution for GABA: Alcohol, benzodiazepines, and barbituates

Question 11

Dopamine

Answer 11

Involved in Goal-Directed Activity and Reasoning and distinguishing imagination from reality.

-5 Dopamine receptors with essential roles: Cognition; reward; Sleep; attention; motor activity; muscle tone; mood; learning.

Question 12

Serotonin

Answer 12

Neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of mood, anxiety aggression, sleep appetite and sexuality

-Diminished levels of serotonin have associated with violent behavior

-Many medications used in the treatment of anxiety and mood disorders modulate serotonin level.

Question 13

norepinephrine

Answer 13

Chemical that functions locally within the brain as a neurotransmitter and can also function as a hormone in the bloodstream.

Like DOPAMINE….
- Norepinephrine seems to involved in reward, arousal, and mood regulation.

**Deficiencies in norepinephrine function in the brain can lead to depression and attention-deficit disorder.

Question 14

Endorphine

Answer 14

Are peptide neurotransmitter that work as natural painkillers and as antianxiety transmitters.

• Endorphin receptors on GABA neurons diminish their inhibition of dopamine neurons, causing opioids to activate the reward system, leading to addiction.**

Question 15

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 15

is the study of what a DRUG does to the Body

Question 16

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 16

is the study of what the BODY does to a Drug

Question 17

Psychotropic

Answer 17

relating or denoting drugs that affect a person’s mental state

Question 18

Prodrugs

Answer 18

are medications that do not have any therapeutic activity until they are metabolized