Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

IM 6 Test 2 > Psychopharmacology > Flashcards

Psychopharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

frontal lobe controls

A

executive functions and personality development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

temporal lobe controls

A

language comprehension, sound processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

occipital lobe controls

A

vision and language formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

parietal lobe controls

A

sensory information, reading and math skills, and abstract thought

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cerebellum controls

A

skeletal muscle and maintains equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

midbrain controls

A

pupillary reflex and eye movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pons control

A

processing station in auditory pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

medulla oblongata controls

A

involuntary reflexes (vital signs, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

neurons

A

interconnected nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers ebtween neurons that trigger a response from one neuron to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

neurotransmission

A

conduction of an electrical impulse from one end of the neuron to the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

synaptic transmission

A

when the electrical impulse reaches the end of the neuron, the neurotransmitter is released at the axon terminal and diffuses across the synapse to the postsynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

inhibits action in the post synaptic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

excitatory neurotransmitters

A

promotes action in the post synaptic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Monoamines X4

A

dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dopamine aka and receptors

A

DA

D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DA functions

A

fine muscle movement, decision making, release of hormones from hypothalamus, integreation of emotins and thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

increase in DA -

A

schizo/psychosis, mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

decrease in DA

A

parkinsons and depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

norepinephrine aka and receptors

A

NE

a1, a1, B1 or B2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ne functions

A

fight or flight response/hypervigilance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

icnrease NE

A

mania, anxiety, psychosis - heightened arousal states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

decrease NE

A

depression and lowered arousal states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

serotinin aka and receptors

A

5-HT

5-HT, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, or 5-HT4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

serotonin function

A

sleep regliation, hunger, mood, libido, hormonal activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

increase of serotonin

A

anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

decrease of serotonin

A

depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

histamine aka and receptors

A

H

H1 and H2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

histamine functions

A

alertness, stimulates gastric secretions, inflammation response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

decrease in histamine

A

sedation and weight gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

amino acids X2

A

GABA, glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

GABA receptors

A

GABAA, GABAB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

GABA functions

A

decrease anxiety/excitement, affects pain perception, anticonvulsant/muscle relaxing properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

increase of GABA

A

anxiety reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

decrease of GABA

A

mania, anxiety, psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

glutamate

A

excitatory neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

glutamate receptors

A

NMDA, AMPA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

glutamate functions

A

role in learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

increase in NMDA

A

neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration (alzheimers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

increase in AMPA

A

improvement of cognitive function in behavioral tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

decrease in NMDA

A

psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

cholinergic

A

acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

acetylcholine aka and receptors

A

ACh

nicotonic and muscarinic (M1, M2, M3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

ACh function

A

learning/memory, mood regulation, sexual/aggressive behavior and stimulates PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

ACh increase

A

depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Ach decrease

A

alzheimers, parkinsons, huntington’s chorea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

chorea

A

jerky muscle movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what are antidepressants used to treat

A

major depression, panic disorder, anxiety disorders, bipolar, psychotic depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

fluoxetine aka

A

prozac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

sertraline aka

A

zoloft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

escitalopram

A

lexapro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

fluvoxamine class

A

SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

paroxetine class

A

SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

citalopram class

A

SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

vilazodone class

A

SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

vortioxetine class

A

SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

SSRI MOA

A

inhibit reuptake of serotonin making it no longer available in the synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

SSRI SE X12

A 
tremors
nausea
HA
insomnia
drowsiness
sexual dysfunction
bruxism
anxiety
dry mouth
diarrhea
hyponatremia
intense suicidal ideation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

bruxism

A

grinding of teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

which SSRI is bruxism common in

A

paroxetine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

when and how should you take SSRI’s

A

with food in the morning at the same time every day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

avoid X2 with SSRI’s

A

alcohol and antihistamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

how to stop SSRI’s

A

tapered - do not stop abruptly or r/o withdrawal/discontinuation syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

how long does it take SSRI’s to be therapeutic

A

1-3 weeks to start to be therapeutic, potentially 2-3 months for full effects in some meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

what can occur if SSRI’s are taken with other serotonin blocking agents

A

serotonin toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

what are serotonin blocking agents X7

A 
SSRI
MAOI
Li
triptan
buspirone
tramadol
OTC cough/cold medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

CYP450 enzyme inhibitors/inducers and SSRI’s

A

use cautiously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

EX of CYP450 enzyme inhibitors/inducers

A

ketoconazole or rifampin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

discontinuation syndrome s/s X9

A 
anxiety
insomnia
vivid dreams
HA
dizziness
fatigue
flu like symptoms
brain shocks
return of depression symptoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

how long can discontinuation syndrome last

A

months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

SSRI blackbox warning

A

increased risk of suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Serotonin Syndrome S/s

A

SHIVER

Shivering/shaking
Hyperreflexia and myoclonus (rhabdomyolysis)
Increased Temp
Vital sign instability (tachycardia/pnea and labile BP)
Encephalopathy - agitaiton, delirium and confusion
Restlessness and incoordination
Sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

cause of serotonin syndrome

A

r/t over-action of the central serotonin receptors caused by too high of a dose of SSRI’s or by other drug interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

nursing interventions for serotonin syndrome X4

A

d/c drug
keep safe environment
monitor physical/mental status
provide reassurance to patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

drugs for serotonin syndrome X4

A

serotonin receptor blockade
dantrolene/diazepam - muscle rigidity
cyproheptadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

imipramine class

A

TCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

amitriptyline class

A

TCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

doxepin class

A

TCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

desipramine class

A

TCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

nortriptyline class

A

TCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

clomipramine class

A

TCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

maprotiline class

83
Q

protriptyline class

84
Q

trimipramine class

85
Q

Amoxapine class

86
Q

which 2 TCA’s are approved for ages 8+

A

imipramine, clomipramine

87
Q

TCA MOA

A

inhibit reuptake of serotonin and NE and blocks cholinergic receptors

88
Q

TCA SE X9

A 
sedation
weight gain
toxicity
decreased seizure threshold
orthostatic hypotension
anticholinergic effects
mydriasis
sweating
sexual dysfunction
89
Q

mydriasis

A

pupil dilation

90
Q

anticholinergic effects

A

cant see (dry eye)
cant pee - urinary retention
cant spit - dry mouth
cant shit - constpiation

91
Q

what should be avoided on TCA

92
Q

when should TCA’s be taken

A

in the evening

93
Q

PT ed TCA OD

A

lethal in OD d/t lipid solubility

94
Q

driving and TCA

A

use caution

95
Q

how long does it take for TCA’s to be affective

96
Q

CI for TCA’s

A

pt hx of SI/SA

97
Q

isocarboxazid class

98
Q

phenelzine class

99
Q

tranylcypromine class

100
Q

selegiline class

101
Q

which MAOI comes in a patch

A

selegiline

102
Q

MAOI MOA

A

inhibits enzyme that degrades NE, DA and serotonin

103
Q

SE MAOI X5

A

SERIOUS TYRAMINE INTERACTIONS

muscle cramps
weight gain
sexual dysfunction
anticholinergic effects

104
Q

MAOI OD

105
Q

MAOI and driving

A

use caution

106
Q

when to notify MD on MAOI

A

before taking ANY (Rx or OTC) medication

107
Q

MAOI diet

A

TYRAMINE FREE DIET

continues 2 weeks after drug d/c

108
Q

Tyramine free diet -

A 
avoid:
aged cheeses and meats
yeast
soy
beer
wine
avocados
banana/banana peels
109
Q

HTN crisis symptoms X11

A 
N/V
Chills
fever
sweating
severe HTN
restlessness
nuchal rigidity
dilated pupils
motor agitation
occipital HA
severe nosebleeds
110
Q

venlafaxine class

111
Q

duloxetine class

112
Q

SNRI MOA

A

increase serotonin and NE

113
Q

SNRI SE

A

few anticholinergic effects

114
Q

mirtazapine class

115
Q

SNDI MOA

A

increase serotonin and NE - combined with SSRI’s to augment efficacy or counteract serotonergic SE

116
Q

chlorpromazine class

A

1st gen antipsychotic

117
Q

haloperidol class

A

1st gen antipsychotic

118
Q

loxapine perphenazine class

A

1st gen antipsychotic

119
Q

thioridazine class

A

1st gen antipsychotic

120
Q

clozapine class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic

121
Q

cariprazine class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic

122
Q

amisulpride class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic

123
Q

brexpiprazole class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic

124
Q

aripiprazole class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic

125
Q

ziprasidone class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic

126
Q

asenapine class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic

127
Q

sertindole class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic

128
Q

loperidone class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic

129
Q

quetiapine class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic

130
Q

lurasidone class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic

131
Q

lumateperone class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic

132
Q

olanzapine class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic

133
Q

paliperidone class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic

134
Q

riperidone class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic

135
Q

1st gen MOA

A

dopamine receptor antagonist

lesser degree acetylcholine, histamine and NE

control of positive symptoms

136
Q

2nd gen MOA

A

serotonin-dopamine antagonists

less blockade of dopamine + stron serotonin antagonist

lesser degree Ach, histamine and NE

control of both positive and negative symptoms

137
Q

1st gen SE X10

A 
anticholinergic effects***
weight gain
sexual/reproductive organ issues
increased prolactin levels
seizures
sedation
tachycardia/prolonged QT interval***
orthostatic hypotension
EPS/Tardive dyskinesia***
138
Q

2nd gen SE

A 
less anticholinergic effects
weight gain
T2DM
dyslipidemia
anxiety
HA
sedation
139
Q

fga PT ED

A

limit sun exposure, use sunscreen and wear glasses
prevent constipation
use sugar free candies for dry mouth
may take 2-4 weeks for full effect

140
Q

SGA pt ed

A

observe for signs for T2DM

141
Q

EPS X3

A

acute dystonia, akathisia, pseudoparkinsonism

142
Q

acute dystonia

A

severe spasms of the muscles of the tongue, head and neck and eyes fixed upwards

143
Q

akasthisia

A

internal restlessness and external restless pacing

144
Q

pseudoparkinsonism

A

stiffening of muscular activity in the face, body, arms, and legs, salivation, shuffling gait, tremor and bradykinesia

145
Q

Tardive dyskinesia is X EPS

146
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) s/sx

A 
tachycardia/pnea
muscle rigidity - elevated CPK
drooling
sudden high fever
diaphoresis
labile BP
decreased LOC up to coma
147
Q

NMS Treatment

A

stop med immediately
increase fluid intake
treat fever rapidly
treat BP and dysrhythmias

148
Q

meds for NMS

A

dantrolene or bromocriptine

149
Q

alprazolam class

150
Q

oxazepam class

151
Q

triazolam class

152
Q

lorazepam class

153
Q

diazepam class

154
Q

clonazepam class

155
Q

chlordiazepoxide

156
Q

benzo MOA

A

promote GABA activity by minding to a recepter on the GABAA receptor complex

157
Q

what are benzos good for

A

short term anxiety and acute anxiety

158
Q

what med should you not combine benzos with

159
Q

benzo SE X6

A 
sedation
dizziness
fatigue
impaired driving
impaired cognitive function
CNS depression
160
Q

what should you avoid on benzos

A

alcohol - can potentiate effects

161
Q

why shouldn’t you abruptly stop benzos

A

withdrawal can be fatal

162
Q

short term benzo withdrawal syndrome

A

anxiety, insomnia, sweating, tremors and dizziness

163
Q

long term benzo withdrawal syndrome

A

panic, paranoia, delirium, HTN, muscle twitches and seizures

164
Q

buspirone MOA

A

stimulating serotonin receptors on nerves

165
Q

buspirone SE X6

A 
dizziness
nausea
HA
nervousness
lightheadedness
excitement
166
Q

what med to avoid with buspirone

A

MAOI w/n 14 days

167
Q

how long does it take to reach therapeutic elvels with buspirone

168
Q

is buspirone addictive

169
Q

benzo v. buspirone onset

A

benzo - rapid

buspirone - delayed

170
Q

benzo v. buspirone use in

A

benzo - many anxiety disorders

buspirone - FDA approved for GAD ONLY

171
Q

benzo v. buspirone sedation

A

benzo - sedating

buspirone - nonsedating

172
Q

benzo v. buspirone dependence/withdrawal

A

benzo - definitive dependence and withdrawal

buspirone - no dependence or withdrawal

173
Q

benzo v. buspirone tolerance

A

benzo - tolerance varies with increased age

buspirone - no change with age

174
Q

benzo v. buspirone PRN usage

A

benzo - may be PRN

buspirone - not suitable for PRN

175
Q

other med classes for anxiety X5

A 
antidepressants
antihistamines
anticonvulsants
antipsychotics - low doses
beta blcokers
176
Q

kava-kava for anxiety

A

NO - may cause psychosis

177
Q

valerian root for anxiety

A

probably not

178
Q

melatonin for anxiety

179
Q

lithium class

A

mood stabilizers

180
Q

valproate used for

A

mood stabilizers

181
Q

lamotrigine used for

A

mood stabilizers

182
Q

carbamazepine used for

A

mood stabilizers

183
Q

oxcarbazepine off label used for

A

mood stabilizing

184
Q

gabapentin off label used for

A

mood stabilizing

185
Q

topiramate off label used for

A

mood stabilizing

186
Q

lithium MOA

A

unknown - believed to inhibit release of dopamine and NE

187
Q

lithium SE X9

A 
GI distress
hand tremors
polyuria with mild thirst
weight gain
goiter/hypothyroidism
renal toxicity
hypotension
bradydysrhythmias
electrolyte imbalances
188
Q

early lithium toxicity level

189
Q

early lithium toxicity

A 
thirst
slurred speech
N/V/D
polyuria
muscle weakness
190
Q

advanced lithium toxicity level

191
Q

advance Li toxicity

A 
coarse tremors
confusion
EEG changes
incoordination
worsening GI upset
hyperirritability in muscles
192
Q

severe Li toxicity level

193
Q

severe Li toxicity

A 
clonic movements
large amount of dilute urine
seizures
stupor
severe hypotension
ataxia
tinnitus
194
Q

lethal Li toxicity range

195
Q

lethal Li toxicity

A 
rapid progression
coma
dysrhythmias
circulatory collapse
oliguria
proteinuria
possible death
196
Q

when do Li effects start

A

5-7 days with max effect in 2-3 weeks

197
Q

pregnancy and Li

A

do not take

198
Q

how do you decrease GI upset with Li

A

take with food

199
Q

sodium and Li

A

keep it even

200
Q

anticonvulsants in Mood stabilization MOA

A

potentiates the inhibitory effect of GABA

201
Q

valproic acid and valproate AE

A

blood dyscrasias, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis

202
Q

carbamazepine AE

A

agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia

notify MD if you have a sore throat

203
Q

anticonvulsant pt ed

A

report pregnancy
monitor blood levels
DO NOT STOP ABRUPTLY
take as Rx

IM 6 Test 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions