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Psychopharm Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanisms of action for:
1. Beta blocker
2. Traditional antipsychotic
3. Atypical antipsychotic
4. Tricyclic antidepressants
5. MAOIs
6. Newer antidepressants
7. Sedative-hypnotics

A
  1. Decrease norepinephrine & epinephrine (blocks receptors)
  2. Decrease dopamine (blocks receptors)
  3. Decrease dopamine, serotonin, glutamate (blocks receptors)
  4. Increase norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin (blocks reuptake)
  5. Increase norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin (inhibits enzyme that breaks them down)
  6. NDRIs (increase norepinephrine and dopamine), SNRIs (increase serotonin and norepinephrine)
  7. Increases GABA (mimics GABA): includes barbiturates, alcohol, and anxiolytics (benzodiazepines)
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2
Q

What dx associated with dopamine?

A

Too little: Depression, Parkinson’s
Too much: Schizophrenia, Tourette’s

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3
Q

What dx associated with serotonin?

A

Too little: Depression, mania, anxiety, bulimia
Too much: Schizophrenia, anorexia (food restriction decreases serotonin –> relief)

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4
Q

What dx associated with epinephrine?

A

Too little: Depression

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5
Q

What dx associated with GABA?

A

“Abnormal levels:” Parkinson’s, epilepsy, sleep dx
Too litte: anxiety, Huntington’s

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6
Q

What dx associated with glutamate?

A

Too much: TBI, Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s
Alcohol inhibits glutamate

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7
Q

What dx asscoiated with acetylcholine?

A

Too much: Depression
Too little: dementia, Alzheimer’s

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8
Q

Fx of parietal and temporal lobe

A

Parietal: Reading and calculation, tactile, senses
Temporal: memory, language, auditory

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9
Q

What part of the brain is the SCN?

A

Hypothalamus

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10
Q

Structures in hindbrain

A

medulla, pons, cerebellum

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11
Q

Structures in midbrain

A

Substantia nigra, RAS

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12
Q

Structures in forebrain

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebrum

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13
Q

Hippocampus is part of the _____?

A

Limbic system

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14
Q

Structures in basal gangia

A

Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra

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15
Q

Fx of basal ganglia

A

Planning, organizing, and coordinating voluntary movement

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16
Q

Basal ganglia pathology linked to these dx

A

Huntington’s, Parkinson’s, Tourette’s, OCD, ADHD

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17
Q

Parkinson’s: NTs and brain region

A

Less dopamine (substantia nigra in basal ganglia) –> this leads to less GABA

18
Q

Huntington’s: NTs and brain region

A

Less GABA and more glutamate (basal ganglia, esp. caudate, putamen, globus pallidus)

19
Q

Apraxia & brain region damaged

A

Less skilled motor movement (parietal dmg)

20
Q

Anosognosia & brain region damaged

A

Can’t recognize own neurological sx (parietal dmg)

21
Q

Gerstmann’s syndrome & brain region damaged

A

Finger agnosia, L/R confusion, agraphia, acalcula (parietal dmg)

22
Q

Contralateral neglect & brain region damaged

A

Neglect of left-side of body and environment (dmg to R parietal)

23
Q

Tactile agnosia & brain region damaged

A

Inability to recognize objects by touch (parietal dmg)

24
Q

Rebound hyperexcitability

A

After abrupt cessation of benzos; insomnia and other sx that were more intense prior to taking drugs

25
Q

Meds associated with suffix: pam

26
Q

Meds associated with suffix: lam

27
Q

Meds associated with suffix: pine

A

Atypical antipsychotics, anticonvulsants

28
Q

Meds associated with suffix: one

A

Atypical antipsychotics

29
Q

Meds associated with suffix: ole

A

Atypical antipsychotics

30
Q

Meds associated with suffix: zine

A

Typical antipsychotics, MAOIs

31
Q

Meds associated with suffix: ol

A

Typical antipsychotics

32
Q

Meds associated with suffix: opram

33
Q

Meds associated with suffix: mine

A

SSRIs, MAOIs, tricyclics

34
Q

Meds associated with suffix: tine

35
Q

Meds associated with suffix: line

A

SSRIs, MAOIs, tricyclics

36
Q

Meds associated with suffix: xine

37
Q

Meds associated with suffix: zid

38
Q

Typical vs. atypical antipsychotic suffix

A

Typical: zine, ol, xene
Atypical: pine, done, ole

39
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome & brain region damaged

A

Atrophy of neurons in thalamus due to long-term alcoholism

Wernicke (mental confusion, ataxia) –> Korsakoff (anterograde & retrograde amnesia, confabulation)

40
Q

Define types of MS:
1. Primary progressive
2. Secondary progressive
3. Relapse-remitting
4. Progresssion-relapsing

A
  1. Primary progressive: sx that steadily worsen w/ no remission
  2. Secondary progressive: relapse-remitting can advance to this. Steady decline w/o remissions, flare-ups, or plateaus
  3. Relapse-remitting: most common type of MS; temporary periods (relapses, flare-ups) and then periods of remission
  4. Progression-relapsing: steadily worsens regardless of relapses or periods of remission.

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