psychopharamacology

Question 1

Acetylcholine

Answer 1

Cholinergic neurotransmitter
-increased in depression
-decreased in Alzheimer’s

Question 2

Antipsychotics

Answer 2

block dopamine
Treat psychotic symptoms
-delusions, hallucinations

Question 3

Antispychotic side effects

Answer 3

Pseudoparkinsonism, akathisia, acute dystonic reactions, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 4

MAOIs

Answer 4

Break down monoamines (ex. norepinephrine)
- excess tyramine w/ medication causes hypertensive crisis

Question 5

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 5

potentially fatal
- Muscle rigidity, tremor, diaphoresis, hypertension, tachycardia, hyperexia, incontinence

Question 6

NMS treatment

Answer 6

discontinuation of medications, transfer to ICU, treat autonomic dysfunctions

Question 7

Norepinephrine

Answer 7

Monoamine
-increased in schizophrenia, mania, anxiety, decreased in depression

Question 8

Pseudoparkinsonism

Answer 8

body destroys ability to move dopamine
- masklike face, stiff & stooped posture, shuffling gait, drooling
- treat w/ diphenhydramine

Question 9

Akatisia

Answer 9

Inner restlessness, rocking, tapping foot, pacing, cannot fix ROM
- treat w/ diphenhydramine, propranolol, benzodiazepine

Question 10

Anticholinergic

Answer 10

Blocks acetylcholine from attaching to receptor
- blocks rest & digest

Question 11

Antidepressants

Answer 11

decreases levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, & dopamine
- 4 to 6 weeks of treatment to reach normal levels

Question 12

Dopamine

Answer 12

Monoamine
- increased in schizophrenia & maina
- decreased in depression

Question 13

y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Answer 13

decreased in anxiety, mania, and schizophrenia

Question 14

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer 14

Constant movement, tongue thrusting or lip smacking
- discontinue medication

Question 15

Serotonin syndrome

Answer 15

SSRI side effects
- high fever, high BP & HR, agitation
- caused by over stimulation of serotonin receptors (MAOI & SSRI interactions)

Question 16

Acute dystonic reactions

Answer 16

pt. frozen in pain by acute contractions of tongue, face, neck & back
- emergency treatment of diphenhydramine

Question 17

Clozapine side effect

Answer 17

agranulocytosis
- fever, malaise, ulcerative sore throat, leukopenia

Question 18

SSRI side effects

Answer 18

anxiety, agitation, akathisia, nausea, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, weight gain

Question 19

MAOI side effects

Answer 19

daytime sedation, insomnia, weight gain, dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction
- hypertensive crisis caused by interaction w/ tyramine (hypertension, hyperpyrexia, tachycardia, diaphoresis, tremulousness, cardia dysrhythmias)

Question 20

Tricyclic side effects

Answer 20

anticholinergic effects
- dry mouth, constipation, urinary hesitancy or retention, dry nasal passages, blurred vision
severe
- agitation, delirium, ileus (older adults)
- weight gain, orthostatic hypotension, sedation, tachycardia

Question 21

Mood stabilizers

Answer 21

treatment for bipolar disorder
- lithium
- reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, dopamine
anticonvulsants
- carbamazepine, valproic acid, lamotrigine, gabapentin, topiramate, oxcarbazepine

Question 22

Mood-stabilizer side effects

Answer 22

lithium therapy
- diarrhea, anorexia, fine hand tremor, polydipsia, polyuria, metallic taste in mouth, fatigue or lethargy, weight gain and acne (later)
lithium toxicity
- severe, diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, muscle weakness, lack of coordination
carbamazepine & valproic acid
- dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, sedation, rases, orthostatic hypotension, hand tremor, weight gain

Question 23

anxiolytics

Answer 23

treat anxiety & insomnia
- benzodiazepines
mediate GABA

Question 24

Anxiolytic side effects

Answer 24

Bezos
- dependence ( tapering)
- drowsiness, sedation, poor coordination, impaired memory, clouded sensorium

Question 25

Stimulants

Answer 25

Amphetamines
- release & block reuptake of neurotransmitters

Question 26

Stimulant side effects

Answer 26

anorexia, weight loss, nausea, irritability
- avoid caffeine, sugar, & chocolate
dizziness, dry mouth, blurred vision, palpitations