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Nurs 126 > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

Therapeutic milieu

A

Positive and safe physical settings, interactions, and activities that promote recovery.

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2
Q

Abstract thinking

A

Thinking characterized by the ability to use concepts and to make and understand generalizations, such as of the properties of pattern shared by a variety of specific items or events

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3
Q

Orientation phase

A

First time nurse and pt. meet. Focuses on building rapport

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4
Q

Working phase

A

Identifing and exploring issues and emotions

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5
Q

Termination phase

A

summarizing progress, ending relationship

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6
Q

Countertransference

A

Nurse responds emotionally to pt. as if they were a significant figure from the past

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7
Q

Transferance

A

pt. inappropriately displaces patterns of behavior or emotional reactions on person as if they were a significant figure from the past

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8
Q

acting out

A

(Immature defense) addressing emotional conflicts or stressors by actions rather than reflections of feelings

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9
Q

Splitting

A

(immature defense) inability to combine the positive and negative aspects of people

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10
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

seeks to modify negative thoughts that lead to dysfunctional emotions and actions

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11
Q

autocratic leadership

A

(controls group) does not encourage interaction among members

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12
Q

Free association

A

Mental process by which one word or image may spontaneously suggest another without any apparent connection

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13
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Cholinergic neurotransmitters
-increase in depression
-decrease in Alzheimers

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14
Q

Adrenergic

A

Sympathetic NS “fight of flight”
NT - norepinephrine & epinephrine binds to alpha and beta receptor sites

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15
Q

Antipsychotics

A

block dopamine

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16
Q

Extrapyramidal symptoms

A

side effects of antipsychotics
- pseudoparkinsonisms, akathisia, acute dystonic reactions, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

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17
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

Inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase from breaking down monoamines (ex. norepinephrine)
- excess tyramine w/ medication cases hypertensive crisis

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18
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome

A

Potentially fatal
- Muscle rigidity, tremor, diaphoresis, hypertension, tachycardia, hyperexia, incontinence

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19
Q

NMS treatment

A

Discontinue medications, transfer to ICU, treat autonomic dysfunction (Diaphoresis, hypertnesion, tachycardia, hyperexia, incontinence)

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20
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Monoamine
- increased in schizophrenia, mania, anxiety
- decreased in depression

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21
Q

Psuedoparkinsonism

A

Body destroys ability to move dopamine
- masklike face, stiff & stooped posture, shuffling gait, drooling
- treat w/ diphenhydramine

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22
Q

Akathisia

A

Inner restlessness, rocking, tapping foot, pacing, cannot fix range of motion
treat
-Treat w/ diphenhydramine

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23
Q

Anticholinergic

A

Blocks acetylcholine from attaching to receptor
-blocks rest & digest

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24
Q

Antidepressant

A

Decreased levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
-4-6 weeks of treatment to reach normal levels

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25
Q

Dopamine

A

Monoamine
-increased in schizophrenia & mania
-decreased in depression

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26
Q

y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

A

GABAa and b
-decreases mania, anxiety, and schizophrenia

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27
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

Constant movement, tongue thrusting or lip smacking
- discontinue medication

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28
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Side effect of SSRI’s
-high fever, high BP, tachycardia, agiation
-over stimulation of serotonin receptors; common when 2 SSRIs are used together

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29
Q

anergia

A

lack of energy

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30
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy

A

3 indications
- drug therapy failed
- pt. is acutely suicidal
- depressed pt is experiencing suicidal symptoms

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31
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Emotional, cognitive, & behavioral symptoms that interfere w/ a person’s life
- history of one or more episodes of major depression

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32
Q

Vagus nerve stimulation

A

Adjunct, long term treatment of pts. w/ treatment-resistant depression
-affects blood flow in the brain

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33
Q

Dysthymia

A

(persistent depressive disorder)
-functional
-mild-to-moderate depression
-at least 2 yrs of duration

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34
Q

Light therapy

A

First line of treatment for seasonal affective disorder
-full spectrum wavelength ligth

35
Q

vegetative signs of depression

A

somatic changes & alterations in activities necessary to support physical life & growth (sleeping, eating, elimination, sex)
-less likely to be diagnosed

36
Q

Bipolar I

A

one or more periods of major depression w/ at least on period of mania

37
Q

Bipolar II

A

One more more periods of major depression w/ at least one period of hypomania

38
Q

Flight of ideas

A

nearly continuous flow of accelerated speech & abrupt changes among topics usually based on understandable associations or play on words
-“how are you doing kid? Kidding around, I’m going home. Home sweet home. Home is where the heart is”

39
Q

Anhedonia

A

lack of pleasure

40
Q

Echolalia

A

Mimicking another’s words

41
Q

Grandiosity

A

Person’s unrealistic & exaggerated concept of self-worth, importance, worth, & ability

42
Q

Ideas of reference

A

Misinterpreting messages of others giving private meaning
- Seeing nurses talking and assuming thery are plotting your murder

43
Q

Negative symptoms of Schizo

A

Affective blunting or flat affect
- lack of motivation, pleasure, and energy

44
Q

Positive symptoms of schizo

A

Hallucinations, delusions
- bizarre behavior
- alterations in speech (neologisms, echolalia, clang associations, word salad)

45
Q

Paranoia

A

Any intense, or strongly defended irrational suspicion

46
Q

Hallucination

A

sensory perceptions for which no external stimulus exists

47
Q

Delusion

A

False fixed beliefs that cannot be corrected by reasoning

48
Q

Acute dystonic reaction

A

Pt. frozen in pain by acute contractions of tongue, face, neck, back
- emergency treatment of diphehydramine

49
Q

Thought insertion

A

belief that thought of others are being inserted into ones mind

50
Q

Thought broadcastin

A

belief thoughts can be head by others

51
Q

thought withdrawl

A

belief thoughts have been removed from ones head

52
Q

dystonia

A

state of abnormal muscle tone resulting in sustained muscle spasm

53
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Primary dementia (10-20yrs0
- neurofibrillary tangles and plaques develop in brain
- progressive loss of cognitive function & behavior changes 4 stages: mild, mild-mod, mod-severe, late-end stge

54
Q

Sundowning

A

Symptoms and problem behaviors become more pronounced in evening (delirium & dementia

55
Q

Abuse

A

habitual use of substance that falls outside of medical necessity or social acceptance
-alter ones mood, emotion, or consciousness

56
Q

Addiction

A

compulsive behavior centered on drug use and seeking behavior
-motivated by cravings
- chronic-relapsing brain disorder despite negative consequences to health, mental state, relationships, occupation, finances, & legal issues

57
Q

Withdrawal

A

Physiological and psychological s/s associated w/ stopping &/or reducing use of substance
- physical dependens

58
Q

Alcoholics anonymous

A

12 step program offering behavioral, cognitive, and dynamic structure needed for recovery

59
Q

Dual diagnosis

A

pt. often have substance abuse disorder & psych disorder
- both treated as primary disease

60
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrom

A

Thiamine deficiency
- ataxia, acute confusion, loss of ability to learn/ remember if permanent

61
Q

Cluster A
- odd/ eccentric disorders

A

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

62
Q

Paranoid disorder

A

distrust of others
Responds best to factual information

63
Q

Schizoid disorder

A

emotional detachment
loners

64
Q

Schizotypal disorder

A

socially inept
Magical thinking
odd speech
may seek help depending on anxiety in social situations
easily overwhelmed

65
Q

Cluster B
Socially dramatic

A

antisocial
borderline
narcissistic
histrionic

66
Q

Antisocial disorder

A

-highly manipulative to get what they want
violates the rights of others
lack empathy
(SET LIMITS)

67
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

instability in relationships
inner emptiness
impulsive acts (self-mutilation, suicide attempts)
fear of abandonment
splitting

68
Q

Narcissistic

A

Grandiose
need for admiration, arrogance
entitlement
“all about me”

69
Q

Histrionic disorder

A

excessively emotional
provocative & seductive
manipulate others to get attention they crave

70
Q

Cluster C
Anxious/ fearful

A

Avoidant
dependent
Obsessive compulsive

71
Q

Avoidant Disorder

A

social inhibition
social withdrawal
avoidance

72
Q

Dependent Disorder

A

need to be cared for
trouble making decisions

73
Q

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A

Perfection/orderliness
keep control of world by organizing it

74
Q

General anxiety disorder

A

excessive anxiety and worry for greater than or equal to 6 months
“what if” thoughts

75
Q

Flooding

A

Treating phobias
- exposure to disturbing ideas, situations, or conditions until no longer production anxiety

76
Q

Stress-reducing techniques

A

relaxation, reframing, sleep, exercise, lower/eliminate caffeine

77
Q

cycle of violence

A

continuing cycle of violence alternating w/ periods of safety, hope, & trust
- escalation & deescalation
3 phases
- tension building, serious battering, honeymoon

78
Q

Tension-building phase

A

Victim
-feels helpless, compliant, accepts blame, “walks on eggshells”
Abuser
- edgy, minor explosions, verbally abusive, minor hitting or pushing

79
Q

Serious battering phase

A

Victim
- tension unbearable, victim may provoke to get over with
-remembers incident, try to cover injury
-most likely to seek help after
Abuser
-may not remember

80
Q

Honeymoon phase

A

Abuser
- “undoing” actions, makes promises, buys gifts
Victim
-trusting, hopes for change
- wants to believe promises

81
Q

Drugs used in rape

A

GHB, Rohypnol, Ketamine

82
Q

Crisis

A

Acute, time-limited phenomenon experienced as an overwhelming reaction to a stressful event in which a person does not have adequate coping skills
-causes a state of disequilibrium

83
Q

3 types of crisis

A

Maturational- different stages of growth stressors
situational- personal/ physiological; interpersonal/social
Adventitious: disasters

Nurs 126 (3 decks)

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