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Psychopathy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is psychopathy

A

A collection of interpersonal, affective and behavioral characteristics including;
- Dominance, selfishness, manipulativeness
- Lack of remorse or empathy
- impulsivity
- antisocial acts
Has been described as intraspecies predators
very stable overtime, like followed by callous unemotional traits in childhood

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2
Q

What percent of the population are psychopaths

A

1%

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3
Q

What is the gender bias in psychopath prevalence

A

More common in males
- could be up to 6:1
- females may be better at hiding it

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4
Q

Kunlangeta

A

Alaskan Inuit term for an individual who lies, cheats, steals, does not contribute to the group

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5
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others
- 95-98% of psychopathy fits within this category

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6
Q

Sociopath

A

A label used to describe` a person who psychopathic traits are assumed to be due to environmental factors

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7
Q

What percent of incarcerated individuals have ADP and what percent psychopathy

A

60-80% APD
10-25% psychopathy

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8
Q

Assessment of psychopathy

A

Most popular is hare psychopathy checklist -revised (PCL-R)
- Semi-structured interview
- 20 items on a 3 point scale (2 definitely applies, 1 applies to some extent, 0 does not apply)
- total score of 0 to 40
- Assesses different features: Interpersonal (manipulation, grandiosity), Affective (lack of remorse, shallow emotions), Behavioral (impulsivity, antisocial acts)

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9
Q

Factors of psychopathy

A

INITIAL ANALYSIS
Factor 1: interpersonal and affective features
- More likely to drop out of treatment or not respond to it
- emotional processing deficit
Factor 2: unstable and social deviant traits
- Mostly behavioral
- higher risk of reoffending
- more correlated with family background
- may be more environment based
FURTHER ANALYSIS
Factor 1 split into two
- Arrogant and deceitful interpersonal style
- deficient affective experience
Factor 3: impulsive and irresponsible behavioral style
Antisocial style later added as 4th factor

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10
Q

Advantages Self-report measures of psychopathy

A
  • tells us how they perceive themselves
  • quick, cheap
  • used for research
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11
Q

Self-report measures of psychopathy

A
  • Psychopathic Personality Inventory - Revised (PPI-R)
  • Self-Report Psychology Scale (SRP)
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12
Q

Downsides to self-report of psychopathy

A
  • Psychopaths often lie
  • psychopaths may not have sufficient insight (think there thinking is normal)
  • It may be difficult for psychopaths to report on specific emotions
  • Report in own best interest
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13
Q

Validity scales for self-report of psychopaths

A
  • questions not about psychopathy
  • can detect faking good or bad
  • can check for carelessness in responding
  • can check for positive or negative response styles
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14
Q

What causes psychopathy

A
  • Twin studies have show 29-69% of variability dye to genetics
    Possible family factors
  • Lower levels of parental warmth and attachment
  • mother or father has criminal past
  • low family income
  • family disruption
  • physical neglect or abuse
  • sons with absent fathers
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15
Q

Psychopaths in the community - workplace

A

Not all offenders and/or violent
IN WORKPLACE
- unwarranted rumors, getting info on others
- do not pull own weight
- use manipulation and blame others for their failures
- can cause toxic work environments, bullying
- creative, strategic, strong, communication skills

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16
Q

Wheeler, book & costello (2019) Victimization and psychopaths

A
  • University students self-report on previous victimizations (bullied, manipulated etc.) then enter study area on video tap
  • second set of male university students rated vulnerability based on videos
  • Participants with high SRP were more accurate in detecting victim vulnerability
17
Q

Book et. al (2015) psychopaths and remorse

A
  • Male university students with high PPI-R videotaped describing a time when they did something that should have made them remorseful but did not
  • other students then rate them on how genuine they sounded
  • higher scores on Factor 1 traits were given more genuine ratings
18
Q

Characteristics of psychopath during investigation

A
  • Try to outwit interrogator
  • Enjoy being focus of attention
  • attempt to control the interrogation
  • not fooled by bluffs
  • attempt to shock
19
Q

Interrogating psychopaths

A
  • Ensure case familiarity - don’t let them poke holes
  • Convey experience and confidence - convey authority
  • Show liking or admiration - appear to narcissism
  • Avoid criticism - avoid getting aggressive
  • Avoid conveying emotions
20
Q

Psychopathy in youth

A

Measures have been developed for children and adolescents
- Children: antisocial process screening device
- Adolescents: Hare psychopathy checklist youth version (looks for callous unemotional, impulsivity, narcissism)
Those who score high:
- More police contacts and conduct problems
- Criminal behaviours at younger age
- Engage in more violence and are at higher risk for reoffending
Potential for significant stigma in labelling at this age

21
Q

What comes to mind when people think of the term psychopath

A
  • 75% of people gain their knowledge form the media
  • understands traits but thought symptoms of psychosis and delusion (not true)
  • Serial Killer/mass murder (35%)
  • Fictional serial killer (14%)
  • Personalized (9%)
  • Politician/ celebrity (5%)
22
Q

Edens et al (2005) - bias towards psychopaths

A
  • University students presented with written descriptions of a mock defendant in a murder case
  • Described as either a psychopath, psychotic or no mental disorder
  • Psychopathy viewed as less credible and higher risk by mock jurors
  • Significant difference found between death penalty for psychopath and no disorder
23
Q

Interventions for psychopathy in youth

A
  • Adolescents and children more responsive to treatment than adults
  • Children with callous-unemotional traits are more likely to reject affection from mothers and avoid eye contact
    PARENT-CHILD THERAPY
  • positive parenting strategies and positive reinforcements
  • appears to increase empathy and decrease conduct problems
24
Q

Cognitive model of psychopathy

A

Response Modulation Deficit Theory:
Psychopaths fail to use contextual cues that are peripheral to a dominant response
- explains why psychopaths fail to learn to avoid punishment

25
Q

Affective Model of Psychopathy

A

Explain psychopathy by deficit in the experience of certain critical emotions
- could be driven by a disconnect between cognitive-linguistic processing and emotional experience

26
Q

Lexical-decision task

A

Used to research cognitive-linguistic processing in psychopaths
- Measures how fast people classify stimuli as works or nonwords
- Presented with words and nonwords that are either neutral or emotional
- Normal individuals are faster at classifying emotional words - amygdala activation reaches us faster
- Psychopaths show no timing differences

Forensic Psychology (11 decks)

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