Psychopathology: The Behavioural Explanation Of Phobias - The Two Process Model DS

Question 1

The behaviourist approach would say that Phobias are a _____??___ behaviour?

Answer 1

Learned

Question 2

What 2 things make up the two process model?

Answer 2

Classical and operant conditioning

Question 3

Classical and Operant conditioning are also called what?

Answer 3

The two process model

Question 4

Classical conditioning involves learning to ________________ something of which we initially have no fear of with something that already triggers a fear response.

Answer 4

Associate

Question 5

Classical conditioning involves learning to associate something of which we initially have no fear of (_____________________) with something that already triggers a fear response (unconditioned stimulus).

Answer 5

a neutral stimulus

Question 6

Classical conditioning involves learning to associate something of which we initially have no fear of (a neutral stimulus) with something that already triggers a fear response (_____________________).

Answer 6

unconditioned stimulus

Question 7

What were the Psychologists called that conducted the Little Albert study?

Answer 7

Watson and Raynor

Question 8

How old was little Albert?

Answer 8

9 month old

Question 9

In the little Albert Study what was the Neutral Stimulus?

Answer 9

Rat

Question 10

In the little Albert Study what was the Conditioned Stimulus?

Answer 10

Rat

Question 11

In the little Albert Study what was the Unconditioned Stimulus?

Answer 11

Loud Bang/ Noise

Question 12

In the little Albert Study what was the Unconditioned Response?

Answer 12

Fear

Question 13

In the little Albert Study what was the Conditioned Response?

Answer 13

Fear

Question 14

In the little Albert Study what does Little Albert associate together?

Answer 14

The rat with fear

Question 15

What did they use in the Little Albert Study to create the loud bang

Answer 15

An Iron Bar

Question 16

Acquisition by classical conditioning means what?

Answer 16

To get something through Classical Conditioning

Question 17

Maintenance through operant conditioning means what?

Answer 17

To keep the phobias through Operant conditioning

Question 18

What Psychologist proposed phobias are initially learnt through classical conditioning then maintained through operant conditioning?

Answer 18

Mowrer

Question 19

Operant conditioning is how people maintain a phobia but how?

Answer 19

Through negative reinforcement eg) avoidance

Question 20

By avoiding places etc where people may see their phobic stimulus this reduces what?

Answer 20

Anxiety

Question 21

Operant conditioning is how we _______ a phobia

Answer 21

maintain

Question 22

Little alberts fear of rats also went onto similar objects.. can you name one?

Answer 22

fur coat, beard, santa clause mask

Question 23

Phobias can be long lasting - but what do people do that means this is the case?

Answer 23

Avoid the phobic stimulus

Question 24

A fear response is triggered from a person every time they _____ or _____ about the phobic stimulus

Answer 24

See or think

Question 25

If you don’t use Watson and Raynor Little Albert as AO1 what can you use it as?

Answer 25

AO3 Research to support

Question 26

The behaviourist approach to explaining a phobia can be criticised for environmental reductionism. This is because it reduces the complex human behaviour of phobias down to the simple basic units of …..

Answer 26

learning phobias through stimulus, response and associations between a neutral stimulus and a unconditioned stimulus, and maintaining a phobia through reinforcements.

Question 27

The behavioural approach to explaining phobias (two-process model) has practical applications but what is it?

Answer 27

This theory has been used to create the treatment; systematic desensitisation.

Question 28

In a reductionist PEEL what do you also have to refer to in the second E of your PEEL

Answer 28

That it neglects the Holistic approach

Question 29

In a reductionist PEEL - what does the link need to link back to

Answer 29

The Behavioural explanation (two-process model) of phobias may lack internal validity, as it does not allow us to understand the behaviour in context.

Question 30

An alternative approach to explaining phobias (other than the behavioral approach) is called what?

Answer 30

The evolutionary approach