psychopathology - depression Flashcards
define depression
mental disorder characterised by low mood and low energy levels.
what is depression characterised by
change of mood
what dose DSM-5 recognise for depression
1) Major depressive disorder – severe but often short-term depression
2) Persistent depressive disorder – long-term or recurring depression,
sustained major depression: dysthymia.
3) Disruptive mood regulation disorder – childhood temper tantrums.
4) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder – disruption to mood prior to and/or during menstruation.
what are the behavioural characteristics for depression
1) ACTIVITY LEVELS - reduced levels of energy, making them lethargic.
2) DISRUPTION TO SLEEP AND EATING BEHAVIOUR - changes to sleeping behaviour. reduced sleep (insomnia) or increased sleep (hypersomnia).
weight gain or weight loss
3) AGGRESSION AND SELF-HARM
irritable, and this may extend to aggression and self-harm.
emotional characteristics?
1) LOWERED MOOD - more pronounced than in the daily kind of experience
2) ANGER - directed at themselves or others. aggressive or self-harming behaviour.
3) LOWERED SELF-ESTEEM
how much we like ourselves.
reduced self-esteem.
describing self-loathing (i.e. hating themselves).
cognitive characteristics
1) POOR CONCENTRATION - unable to stick with a task
2) ATTENDING TO AND DWELLING ON THE NEGATIVE - bias towards focusing on negative aspects
3) ABSOLUTIST THINKING - ‘black-and-white thinking’. every situation = absolute disaster.