PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Flashcards
Briefly describe Grazoli and Terry’s study supporting the cognitive explanation for depression
- assessed 65 pregnant women for cognitive vulnerabilities (eg. Negative thoughts)
- those with faulty thoughts were more likely to develop post natal depression later on
- shows causation between thoughts and developing depression
Describe the Watson and Rayner Little Albert study (1928) behavioural explanation of phobias (classical conditioning)
PROCEDURE:
- at 9 months little Albert was tested with a white rat, a rabbit and cotton wool to see if he had a fear reaction, he didn’t showing that they were neutral stimuli
- the researchers also checked his fear response by banging an iron bar, Albert cried at the loud noise showing it was an UCS and the crying response was an UCR
- at 11 months, albert was shown the white rat 3 times along with striking an iron bar. A week later, they carried out the same again. Albert was now conditioned to the pairing
-> when the rat was presented by itself, Albert whimpered
- Watson and Rayner then tested his reaction to different white fluffy stimuli eg. Watson wearing a Santa hat
- Albert showed the fear response straight away showing that this is a generalised response
-> provided evidence for MOWRER’S two process model
Describe Nestadt et al’s research (2010) biological explanation of OCD
- conducted a review of previous twin studies examining OCD
- found that 68% of MZ twins experience OCD
- whereas 31% of DZ twins experience OCD
-> suggests a strong genetic component of OCD
Describe Soomro et al’s findings (2008) biological treatment for OCD
Reviewed 17 studies of the use of SSRI’s with OCD patients and found them to be more effective than placebos in reducing symptoms of OCD
-> shows that there is research evidence the use of drugs to treat OCD
Describe March et Al’s findings (2007) for effectiveness of CBT and antidepressants
Examined over 300 adolescents with a diagnosis of depression and looked at the effectiveness of CBT vs antidepressants
-> 81% of CBT group had significantly improved
-> 81% of the antidepressant group had significantly improved
- showing both are just as effective
-> 86% improvement in group who had combined CBT and antidepressants showing combined is most effective
