Psychopathology Flashcards
What is OCD?
A condition characterised by obsessions and/or compulsive behaviour.
What is Depression?
A mental disorder characterised by low mood and low energy levels.
What is a Phobia?
An irrational fear of an object or situation.
What definition of abnormality is normal distribution used in?
Statistical infrequency
What are the 4 definitions of abnormality?
Deviation from social norms
Statistical infrequency
Failure to function adequately
Deviation from ideal mental health
Are obsessions cognitive, emotional or behavioural?
Cognitive
Are compulsions cognitive, emotional or behavioural?
Behavioural
What is a strength of statistical infrequency?
Objective - not open to interpretation
What is a weakness of statistical infrequency?
Infrequent doesn’t mean negative (e.g. high IQ)
What are the 2 main handbooks of characterising mental illness?
DSM-5
ICD-11
Who published the DSM-5?
The American Psychiatric Association (APA)
Who published the ICD-11?
The World Health Organisation (WHO)
Where is the DSM-5 used?
USA
Where is the ICD-11 used?
UK
When was the DSM-5 published?
2013
When was the ICD-11 published?
2019
What is a strength of deviation from social norms?
Easy to identify from the outside, allowing more people to seek help.
What is a weakness of deviation from social norms?
Lacks universality due to cultural differentiation (e.g. homosexuality)
What is a strength of failure to function adequately?
Key prompt for help. Very obvious to see.
What is a weakness of failure to function adequately?
Some abnormal behaviours don’t result in a failure to function adequately (e.g. psychopaths)
What is a strength of deviation from ideal mental health?
Highly comprehensive
What is a weakness of deviation from ideal mental health?
Culture-bound, imposed etic and ethnocentrism on Western culture (e.g. self actualisation)
What year was Jahoda’s study on deviation from ideal mental health?
1958
What definition of abnormality uses Jahoda (1958)’s criteria?
Deviation from ideal mental health
What are the 8 criteria by Jahoda (1958) to suggest we have good mental health?
- No symptoms or distress
- We are rational and perceive ourselves accurately
- Self actualisation
- Cope with stress
- Realistic view of the world
- Good self esteem/lack of guilt
- Independent
- Can successfully work, love and enjoy our leisure
What are the behavioural, emotional and cognitive characteristics of phobias?
Behavioural:
- Panic
- Avoidance
Emotional:
- Anxiety
- Fear
Cognitive:
- Selective attention to phobic stimulus
- Irrational beliefs
What are the b
