psychopathology

Question 1

Statistical infrequency neg

Answer 1

P = unusual characteristic may be positive
E = 150+ IQ is rare but not undesirable however 1 in 10 people are chronically depressed once in their life
E = can’t accurately diagnose
L = decrease EV

Question 1

Statistical infrequency neg

Answer 1

P = cut off point for abnormality is subjective
E = IQ of 69 is an intellectual disorder but 71 isn’t
E = This question the accuracy of the stats
L = decrease iv

Question 2

Deviation from social norms neg

Answer 2

P = social behavior changes so it lacks temporal validity
E = 50 years ago homosexuality was considered a sexual and gender identity disorder
E = We cannot bas abnormality off of the context
L = DIV

Question 3

Deviation from social norms pos

Answer 3

P = Real life application
E = educated us on how lack of empathy is a deviation from social norms and this helps us diagnose and manage people with APD
E = This improves the QoL
L = Usefull

Question 4

Failure to function adequately

Answer 4

P = Highly observable to others
E = If people aren’t holding down jobs
E = Easier for people to get help from others if they are unable to do so themesleves
L = IEV

Question 5

Failure to function adequately neg

Answer 5

P = Failure to function doesn’t necessarily lead to abnormality
E = Psychopath are abnormal and can cause great harm however, function normally
Harold Shipman
E = This results in misdiagnosis
L = DEV

Question 6

Deviation from ideal mental health pos

Answer 6

P = there is a broad criteria
E = covers all the emotional, cognitive, behavioral characteristics which are used to asses mental health
E = positive approach by acknowledging desirable traits
L = IEV

Question 7

Deviation from ideal mental health neg

Answer 7

P = there’s an unrealistic criteria for mental health
E = The majority of people don’t reach all the criteria and it’s more of an ideal than an actuality eg.personal growth
E = Causes negative stereotypes
L = DEV

Question 8

Behavioral explanation for phobias pos

Answer 8

P = real world applications
E = 2 process models create therapies like flooding to help treat therapies by education them on avoidance, treating it with exposure
E = This improves the QoL
L = usefulness

Question 9

Behavioral explanations for phobias pos

Answer 9

P = Research support Jongh et al
E = people with dentist phobias, 73% had a traumatic experience whereas in the control it was only 21%
E = supports the classical conditioning and 2 process models
L = IIV

Question 10

phobia treatments neg

Answer 10

P = Can’t be generalized to all phobias
E = research shows that it actually increases anxiety in social phobias
E = exposure doesn’t always lead to lack of fear
L = can’t be generalised

Question 11

Phobias treatment pos
SD

Answer 11

P = Research support Gilroy et al
E = people with arachnophobia have less fear 3 years later when they had SD instead of just meditation
E = SD has long lasting effects
L = IEV

Question 12

Phobias treatment pos
SD

Answer 12

P = it’s suitable for most people
E = people with learning disabilities will have a more traumatic response to flooding
E = accessible to more people
L = generalizable

Question 13

Cognitive explanations for depression neg
Ellis and Beck

Answer 13

P-Cognitive explanations are reductionist
E-It ignores the links of things like insecure attachments and low serotonin
E-The theory isn’t reliable
L-decreases the IV

Question 14

Cognitive explanations for depression pos
Beck

Answer 14

P- practical application
E-identify and educate on the negative triad, treat using CBT
E-improves the QoL
L-usefull

Question 15

Cognitive explanations for depression pos
Ellis

Answer 15

P- practical applications
E-identify and educate on irrational thoughts then combat using REBT
E-improves QoL
L-usefull

Question 16

Treatment of depression pos

Answer 16

P- research support
E - 81% CBT or anti depressants
86% CBT and anti depressants
E- The CBT is just as valid as antidepressants
-IEV

Question 17

Treatments for depression neg

Answer 17

P- its not effective in severe cases
E- people who don’t show up or partake in hw
E- no longer accessible to everyone with depression
L- DEV

Question 18

Treatment for depression neg

Answer 18

P- drugs are cheaper and quicker than CBT
E- This works for more severe cases and people with learning disabilities
E- more accessible
E- decreases EV

Question 19

The genetic explanations of OCD pos

Answer 19

P - Research support Nestadt
E - 68% mz vs 31% dz have OCD
E - high concordance rates support a genetic explenation
L - increase internal validity

Question 20

The genetic explanations of OCD neg

Answer 20

P - counter point to twin studies
E - assumes that the environment for mz and dz twins ar ethe same but they are not
E - means that concordance rates may not be the direct result of genetics
L - decreases the internal validity

Question 21

The neural explanations of OCD pos

Answer 21

P - supporting research
E - the use of SSRIs has proven to decrease the impact of other neuro degenerative deseases like parkinsons
E- low serotonin levels directly correlates to OCD so it backs up the neural explenations
L - increases the validity of the study

Question 22

The neural explanations of OCD neg

Answer 22

P - counter, correlation isnt causation
E - just because there is a link between faulty neural systems and OCD doesnt meen that its the causation, it could be due to other factors like childhood environment
L - decreases iv

Question 23

Treatments for OCD pos

Answer 23

P - Quick easy treatments
E - Its cheap whilst being effective, taking a strain of the NHS having to pay for councelling and therapy
E - Accesible in real life
L - increase EV

Question 24

Treatments for OCD neg

Answer 24

P - drugs may have long term effects
E - no clinical trials on the drug have been done for more than 3-4 months
E - makes people cautious of the drug due to potential side effects
L - decrease reliability of the drugs