psychopathology Flashcards
Statistical infrequency neg
P = unusual characteristic may be positive
E = 150+ IQ is rare but not undesirable however 1 in 10 people are chronically depressed once in their life
E = can’t accurately diagnose
L = decrease EV
Statistical infrequency neg
P = cut off point for abnormality is subjective
E = IQ of 69 is an intellectual disorder but 71 isn’t
E = This question the accuracy of the stats
L = decrease iv
Deviation from social norms neg
P = social behavior changes so it lacks temporal validity
E = 50 years ago homosexuality was considered a sexual and gender identity disorder
E = We cannot bas abnormality off of the context
L = DIV
Deviation from social norms pos
P = Real life application
E = educated us on how lack of empathy is a deviation from social norms and this helps us diagnose and manage people with APD
E = This improves the QoL
L = Usefull
Failure to function adequately
P = Highly observable to others
E = If people aren’t holding down jobs
E = Easier for people to get help from others if they are unable to do so themesleves
L = IEV
Failure to function adequately neg
P = Failure to function doesn’t necessarily lead to abnormality
E = Psychopath are abnormal and can cause great harm however, function normally
Harold Shipman
E = This results in misdiagnosis
L = DEV
Deviation from ideal mental health pos
P = there is a broad criteria
E = covers all the emotional, cognitive, behavioral characteristics which are used to asses mental health
E = positive approach by acknowledging desirable traits
L = IEV
Deviation from ideal mental health neg
P = there’s an unrealistic criteria for mental health
E = The majority of people don’t reach all the criteria and it’s more of an ideal than an actuality eg.personal growth
E = Causes negative stereotypes
L = DEV
Behavioral explanation for phobias pos
P = real world applications
E = 2 process models create therapies like flooding to help treat therapies by education them on avoidance, treating it with exposure
E = This improves the QoL
L = usefulness
Behavioral explanations for phobias pos
P = Research support Jongh et al
E = people with dentist phobias, 73% had a traumatic experience whereas in the control it was only 21%
E = supports the classical conditioning and 2 process models
L = IIV
phobia treatments neg
P = Can’t be generalized to all phobias
E = research shows that it actually increases anxiety in social phobias
E = exposure doesn’t always lead to lack of fear
L = can’t be generalised
Phobias treatment pos
SD
P = Research support Gilroy et al
E = people with arachnophobia have less fear 3 years later when they had SD instead of just meditation
E = SD has long lasting effects
L = IEV
Phobias treatment pos
SD
P = it’s suitable for most people
E = people with learning disabilities will have a more traumatic response to flooding
E = accessible to more people
L = generalizable
Cognitive explanations for depression neg
Ellis and Beck
P-Cognitive explanations are reductionist
E-It ignores the links of things like insecure attachments and low serotonin
E-The theory isn’t reliable
L-decreases the IV
Cognitive explanations for depression pos
Beck
P- practical application
E-identify and educate on the negative triad, treat using CBT
E-improves the QoL
L-usefull
Cognitive explanations for depression pos
Ellis
P- practical applications
E-identify and educate on irrational thoughts then combat using REBT
E-improves QoL
L-usefull
Treatment of depression pos
P- research support
E - 81% CBT or anti depressants
86% CBT and anti depressants
E- The CBT is just as valid as antidepressants
-IEV
Treatments for depression neg
P- its not effective in severe cases
E- people who don’t show up or partake in hw
E- no longer accessible to everyone with depression
L- DEV
Treatment for depression neg
P- drugs are cheaper and quicker than CBT
E- This works for more severe cases and people with learning disabilities
E- more accessible
E- decreases EV
The genetic explanations of OCD pos
P - Research support Nestadt
E - 68% mz vs 31% dz have OCD
E - high concordance rates support a genetic explenation
L - increase internal validity
The genetic explanations of OCD neg
P - counter point to twin studies
E - assumes that the environment for mz and dz twins ar ethe same but they are not
E - means that concordance rates may not be the direct result of genetics
L - decreases the internal validity
The neural explanations of OCD pos
P - supporting research
E - the use of SSRIs has proven to decrease the impact of other neuro degenerative deseases like parkinsons
E- low serotonin levels directly correlates to OCD so it backs up the neural explenations
L - increases the validity of the study
The neural explanations of OCD neg
P - counter, correlation isnt causation
E - just because there is a link between faulty neural systems and OCD doesnt meen that its the causation, it could be due to other factors like childhood environment
L - decreases iv
Treatments for OCD pos
P - Quick easy treatments
E - Its cheap whilst being effective, taking a strain of the NHS having to pay for councelling and therapy
E - Accesible in real life
L - increase EV
Treatments for OCD neg
P - drugs may have long term effects
E - no clinical trials on the drug have been done for more than 3-4 months
E - makes people cautious of the drug due to potential side effects
L - decrease reliability of the drugs
