attatchment

Question 1

caregiver ifant interaction neg

Answer 1

p = hard tointerperet a babies behavior
E = Babies speech isnt developed so the interactions lack meaning and its difficult to tell wether the baby is showing signs of anxiety
E = The measurement of social anxiety and stranger anxiety isnt reliable
L = The theory lacks credibility DIV

Question 2

caregiver infant interactions pos

Question 3

Stages of attention neg

Answer 3

P = the validity of the measurements of the asocial stage
E = babies have poor coordination and are immobile so anxiety is difficult to pick up on
E = Experimenters would not of been able to accuratly tell if the baby was feeling discomfort during testing
L = DIV

Question 4

stages of attatchment pos

Answer 4

P = the stages of attatchment have practical applications
E = Its educcated daycares on the stages of which babies are easier and more difficult to handle and then be able to manage the babies easier
E = This improves the QoL for the baby and caregiver by reducing overall stress
L = usefull

Question 5

role of father neg

Answer 5

P = contradictong research, Grossman
E = suggests that fathers as secindary attatchments are equally important for a childs development
E = suggests that single mothera / lesbian parents will rais children who develop differently but research suggests otherwise
L = questions the reliability of the study

Question 6

role of father neg

Answer 6

P = potential researcher bias
E = due to pre conceived steryotypes
E = findings may not be objective due to the steryotype of men working and woman lookig after children
L = results not reliable

Question 7

role of tthe father pos

Answer 7

P = offers advice to parents
E = reduces the pressure on single mothers and lesbian parents about the development of their child
E = woman and men have eqully important roles in development
L = Reduces parental anxiety IEV

Question 8

animal studies lorenz neg

Answer 8

P = cannot be generalised to humans
E = mammalian animals form two way attatchments
E = cannot relate the behavior to eachother
L = cant generalise

Question 9

animal studies Lorenz pos

Answer 9

P = rerearch support, Guilton
E = chickens imprinted on yellow gloves
E = animals are born with an innate mechanism to imprint
L = IIV

Question 10

animal studies harlow pos

Answer 10

P = helped social workers understand and prevent child anuse
E = By understanding the importance of attatchments, if a human child is not close to their child except from when having their basal needs seen to then it can signal to child neglect
E = Signs of neglect
L = increased understanding of attatchments

Question 11

animal studies Harlow neg

Answer 11

P = ethical considerations too do with psychological harm
E = Its a legal experiment but the monkeys are unable to consent
E = if the monkeys are simular enough to us to generalise their behavior, then the psychological pain must be soewhat simular

Question 12

Cultural variation in attachment neg

Answer 12

P- the method used (strange situation) is culturally biased
E- ss based on US and UK child bearing practices. Lack of affection in UK is avoidant but in Germany it’s independence
E- imposed etic (applying another cultures practices on each other and expecting them to be applicable)
L-decrease IV

Question 13

Cultural variation in attachment pos

Answer 13

P- Uses indigenous psychologists
E-Researchers from the same cultural background
E- this prevents language barriers and bias
L- increwses accuracy

Question 14

Cultural variations in attachment type

Answer 14

P- not representative of all the cultures
E-18 of the 32 studies were conducted in the USA
E- There is an imbalance in the cultures studied leaning towards more western cultures. These cultures also have more variation so more accurate results.
L- this decreases the accuracy of the study because it’s not representative of all the countries due to unrelaible skewed data

Question 15

Answorth’s strange situation pos

Answer 15

P- supporting research for observations
E- Buick found that inter rater reliability had 94% agreement between the researchers
E- There was a significant level of agreement so the babies attachment identification was accurate
L- this increases the reliability of the research because it’s consistent

Question 16

Ainsworths strange situation neg

Answer 16

P- contradicting research for a western bias
E- Takahashi found Japanese children experienced high separation anxiety which would be classed as resistant however, in Japanese culture it’s unusual for mothers to be separated from children for a long time
E- imposed etic
L- Decreases generalizability of the study

Question 17

Ainsworths strange situation neg

Answer 17

P- Demand characteristics and social desirability bias from parents
E- parents were aware of the aims of the study
E- Means the results aren’t reliable due to demand characteristics
L- Decreases the IV

Question 18

Romanian orphan studies strength

Answer 18

P- Real world applications
E-(educate)improved psychologists understanding the effects of institutionalization and how to prevent it.
E- (treat)lead to improvement in childcare by giving one or two key workers per child for their emotional care.This improved the QoL for many children
L- Therefore showing the studies usefulness

Question 19

Romanian orphan studies

Question 20

Romanian orphan studies

Question 21

Bowlby’s monotropic theory strength

Answer 21

P- research support
E- Bailey studied 99 mothers and found that those with poor attachments to their mothers also had weaker attachment to their children
E- this supports the internal working models of attachment
L- increases the reliability as it’s consistent w other studies

Question 22

Bowlby’s monotropic theory weakness

Answer 22

P-contradicting research
E-Schaefer and Emerson found that most babies attached to one person at first but a significant minority formed multiple attachments at the same time
E- This contradicts the monotropic theory
L- Decreases the IV

Question 23

Bowlby’s monotropic theory neg

Answer 23

P- monotropy is a socially sensitive subject
E- The law of accumulates separation states that a substantial time apart from the PC forms a poor attachment
E- This implies that mothers should not return to work and instead form attachments with their babies
L- This decreases the EV of the study

Question 24

Bowlby’s maternal deprivation pos

Answer 24

P- supporting research
E- Goldfarb compared babies adopted before and after the critical period. The ones adopted after the critical period had lower IQs. This supports Bowlby’s theory that maternal deprivation affects IQ.
L- This increases the reliability of the findings as they are consistent with other research

Question 25

Bowlby’s maternal deprivation neg

Answer 25

P- researcher bias
E- bowlby carried out both the family and the teens interviews so he would have already had a preconception of which teens would display ap
E- This causes a potential bias when he’s interviewing meaning that some of his findings may not of been reliable.
L- this decreases the IV

Question 26

Bowlby’s maternal deprivation

Question 27

attachment on adult relationships

Question 28

Attachment on adult relationships

Question 29

Attachment on adult relationships