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PYSC112 > PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Flashcards

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

neurodevelopmental disorders (4)

A
  • intellectual disability
  • learning disorders
  • autism spectrum disorder
  • ADHD
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2
Q

behavioural disorders (disruptive) (2)

A
  • oppositional defiant disorder
  • conduct disorder
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3
Q

substance use disorder indicators

A
  • tolerance
  • withdrawal
  • time invested
  • distress
  • costs to health and wellbeing
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4
Q

treatments for substance use disorder (4)

A
  • AA (controversial)
  • whanau specific approaches
  • CBT
  • motivational interviewing
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5
Q

ball et al. study

A
  • alcohol is still king- long term declines in drug use stalling/ reversing recently
  • decreasing substance use in general is NOT due to smartphone use
  • youth substance use differs from adults
  • decreases in mortality (great)
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6
Q

psychosis (3%, multiple cases)

A
  • change in perception of reality
  • often with distress
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7
Q

schizophrenia (disorder, multiple theories)

A
  • positive (delusions and hallucinations)
  • cognitive (disorganisation)
  • negative (mood)
  • catatonia
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8
Q

antipsychotics attributes

A

decent effectiveness, negative side effects

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9
Q

CBT intentions

A

attribution and challenging delusional beliefs

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10
Q

early intervention qualities

A
  • wrap around care
  • 3 years
  • care in community
  • broad wellbeing focus
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11
Q

MDD (depression) attributes (6)

A
  • low mood
  • weight gain/ loss
  • sleep/ energy issues
  • worthlessness
  • difficulty concentrating
  • thoughts/ behaviours around self harms
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12
Q

bipolar disorder

A
  • large fluctuations between low and high mood episodes
  • can have aspects of psychosis, mood features
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13
Q

bipolar I

A

cycling between mania + depression

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14
Q

bipolar II

A

cycling between hypomania + depression

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15
Q

beck’s cognitive theory

A
  • negative thoughts and beliefs about self, world and future (should-ing, black & white, catastrophising)
  • treatment through CBT
  • medication
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16
Q

what makes a disorder (5)

A
  • infrequency
  • deviance
  • distress
  • disability
  • danger
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17
Q

taha hinengaro

A
  • emotional wellbeing
  • cognitions and behaviour
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18
Q

taha tinana

A
  • physical wellbeing
  • overall physical health
19
Q

taha wairua

A
  • spiritual wellbeing
  • value system
  • connections
  • identity
20
Q

taha whanau

A

-social wellbeing
- healthy relationships and communication
- role in whanau

21
Q

benefits for te whare tapa wha

A
  • allows space for psychopathology and wellbeing
  • priortising aspects of wellbeing important to maori
22
Q

3 components of a disorder

A
  1. psychological dysfunction
  2. distress or impairment
  3. atypical response
23
Q

key definitions of anxiety

A
  • future focused
  • an anticipated threat
24
Q

key definitions of fear or panic

A
  • present focused
  • an immediate threat
  • automatic
25
Q

components of anxiety (3)

A
  1. cognitive (thoughts & worries)
  2. physiological (heart, stomach, sweating)
  3. behavioural (avoidance)
26
Q

what percentages of adults will meet the criteria for one disorder at some point in their life

A

25-29%

27
Q

4 types of anxiety disorders

A
  1. phobia (social anxiety, separation, and specific disorders/ phobias)
  2. panic disorders
  3. generalised anxiety disorder
  4. agoraphobia
28
Q

PTSD

A
  • a stress reaction
  • exposure to a traumatic event
  • intrusive symptoms
29
Q

5 causes of anxiety disorders

A
  1. learning processes (i.e. specific phobia)
  2. cognitive
  3. genetics
  4. neurobiology (i.e. PTSD/ OCD)
  5. personality
30
Q

biomedical approach in therapy

A

focuses on disease, changing physical function, medications and surgery

31
Q

psychological approach in therapy

A

focuses on thought, behaviours, changing how we interact with our thoughts, feelings and behaviours, and therapy instead of surgery

32
Q

psychodynamic aim and focus

A

aim: clients achieve insight on how their functioning is affected
focus: dreams, free association and past

33
Q

behavioural approach aim and focus

A

aim: clients identify that behaviours are the cause of disorder
focus: reinforcement rather than punishment/ exposure therapy

34
Q

cognitive approach aim and focus

A

aim: clients identify and address maladaptive thoughts, beliefs and assumptions
focus: beck’s cognitive therapy and negative beliefs of self, world and others

35
Q

cluster a - odd or eccentric disorders (3)

A
  • paranoid personality disorder
  • schizoid personality disorder
  • schizotypal personality disorders
36
Q

cluster b - dramatic disorders (4)

A
  • anti-social personality disorders
  • borderline personality disorder
  • histrionic personality disorder
  • narcissistic personality disorder
37
Q

cluster c - anxious disorders (3)

A
  • avoidant personality disorder
  • dependant personality disorder
  • obsessive compulsive personality disorder
38
Q

difficulties with the criteria for personality disorders

A
  • thresholds may not useful
  • comorbidities (meeting criteria for 2nd disorder)
  • heterogeneity within disorders (BPD)
  • stereotypical presentations (HPD)
39
Q

causes of personality disorder (3)

A
  • genetics
  • childhood experiences
  • individual temperament
40
Q

difficulties with personality disorder treatment

A
  • takes longer
  • therapy is difficult
  • poor research base
  • high levels of stigma
41
Q

treatments for personality disorders

A
  • CBT
  • focus on treating the symptoms
  • schema therapy
  • adaptations to treatment pathways
42
Q

five criteria of binge-eating disorder

A
  1. eating much more rapidly than normal
  2. eating until feeling uncomfortably full
  3. eating when not “physical hungry”
  4. eating alone (hiding the bingeing)
  5. feeling guilty afterwards
43
Q

BMI underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese values

A

underweight: below 18.5
normal: 18.5- 24.9
overweight: 25- 29.9
obese: between 30- 39.9

44
Q

agoraphobia

A

marked fear or anxiety about at least of the two of the following situations:
- using public transport
- being in open spaces
- being in enclosed spaces
- standing in line or being in a crowd
- being outside of the home alone

PYSC112 (4 decks)

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