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Assessment and Evaluation > Psychometrics > Flashcards

Psychometrics Flashcards

1
Q

What is Psychometrics?

A

Is the science concerned with evaluating the attributes of psychological tests
- Scores Generated
- Validity of Data
- Reliability of Data

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2
Q

Primary Foundation of Psychometrics

A

psychological testing and measurement

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3
Q

Secondary Foundation of Psychometrics

A

Development of statistical concepts and procedures

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4
Q

What is a Psychological test?

A

Systematic procedure for comparing the behavior of two or more people
- Include behavior samples
- Behavior samples are collected in systematic way
- Purpose is to detect differences between people

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5
Q

What is Absolute 0

A

Zero represents a state in which an attribute has no existence (e.g.,
confidence, range of motion)

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6
Q

What is Arbitrary Zero

A

An arbitrary or relative quantity of an attribute, e.g., temperature – 0 on Celsius scale is the melting point of ice (and not absence of temperature)

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7
Q

Types of Tests

A
  • Criterion Referenced Tests
  • Norm Referenced Test
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8
Q

What are Criterion Referenced Tests?

A
  • Decision must be made about a person’s skill level
  • Cut-off score is established as a criterion – used to sort people into 2 groups:
    Ex. Frailty, or fall risk
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9
Q

What are Norm referenced Tests?

A
  • Used to understand how a person compares with other people
  • Compares a persons score with scores from a normative sample
    Ex. Growth charts, Developmental age
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10
Q

How can Psychological tests test unobservable characteristics?

A
  • Use of them as instruments
  • Link observable behavior with unobservable psychological attributes
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11
Q

What are Latent Variables

A

Unobservable psychological attributes

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12
Q

What are Challenges to measurement in Psychology?

A
  • Complexity of concepts
  • Participants Reactivity
  • Observer Expectancy/Bias
  • Composite Scores
  • Score Sensitivity
  • Lack of Awareness of Psychometrics
  • Accuracy of measurement
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13
Q

What is participant Reactivity

A

It is: the change in outcome due to consciousness

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14
Q

Different forms of Participant Reactivity?

A
  • Demand Characteristics: Change in behavior to accommodate purpose of test
  • Social Desirability: Change in behavior to impress clinician
  • Malingering: Change behavior to convey a poor impression
  • Observer Bias: Vested interest in certain test score outcomes to influence test procedures
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15
Q

What is Score Sensitivity?

A
  • A measure’s ability to discriminate between meaningful amounts of the dimension being measured
  • Some tests may not be sensitive enough to discriminate between small but important differences
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16
Q

What is scaling?

A

assigning numerical values to psychological attributes

17
Q

Levels of Scaling? (in order from weakest to strongest data)

A

Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio (in order from weakest to strongest data)

18
Q

What is a Nominal Scale

A

typically a system of classification; no meaningful mathematical qualities
- Is distinctive but does NOT order magnitude, have equal intervals, or has an absolute zero
Ex. Religion, hair color, etc.

19
Q

What is an Ordinal Scale

A

Ranks the amount of property to be valued; monotonic property
Consists of rank-ordered categories for > or < relationship (Likert Scale)
- Is Distinctive and orders magnitude but DOES NOT have equal intervals or has an absolute zero
Ex. How happy are you? Answers: depressed, somewhat depressed, neutral, somewhat happy, elated

20
Q

Interval Scale

A

Presence of equal interval points
- Is Distinctive, orders magnitude, and has equal intervals but DOES NOT have an absolute zero
Ex. Temp

21
Q

Ratio

A

Has an absolute zero point from which measures become ratios; true quantitative measure.
- Is Distinctive, orders magnitude, has equal intervals and has an absolute zero
Ex. # of items correctly recalled

22
Q

Person Centered Measurement

A

Measurement model that focuses on the person, not the instrument, to produce a picture of the client through their response patterns

23
Q

What is a Demand Characteristic of Patient Reactivity?

A

Change in behavior to accommodate purpose of test

24
Q

What is social desirablility in participant reactivity?

A

Change in Behavior to impress clinician

25
Q

What is malingering in participant reactivity?

A

Change in behavior to convey poor impression

26
Q

What is observer bias in participant reactivity?

A

Vested interest in certain test score outcomes to influence test procedures

Assessment and Evaluation (5 decks)

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