Psychology unit 3

Question 1

abnormality

Answer 1

any deviation from what is considered normal, typical, usual or healthy

Question 2

adaptive behaviour

Answer 2

any behaviour that enables the individual to adjust to the environment appropriately and effectively; compare with maladaptive behaviour

Question 3

assessment

Answer 3

assessment in general, a judgment of the quality, worth, importance or value of something or someone; in research, a systematic process of obtaining information from participants; in mental health, collecting and interpreting information about how a person thinks, feels and behaves in order to make a diagnosis

Question 4

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 4

a neurodevelopmental disorder involving a persistent pattern of inattention, and/or hyperactive-impulsive behaviour that adversely affects development or everyday functioning

Question 5

atypical behaviour

Answer 5

behaviour that differs markedly in some way from what is expected in a given situation; compare with typical behaviour

Question 6

atypical development

Answer 6

development that differs in a significant way from what is usual or appropriate; compare with typical development

Question 7

autism

Answer 7

a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the way people communicate and interact with others and the world; more formally called Autism spectrum disorder

Question 8

cultural perspective

Answer 8

how an individual’s native environmental and social influence may influence their behaviour

Question 9

diagnosis

Answer 9

the process of identifying the type of disorder affecting an individual on the basis of its signs and symptoms

Question 10

disability

Answer 10

any impairment that makes it significantly more difficult for a person to undertake an everyday activity

Question 10

diagnostic criteria

Answer 10

the signs and symptoms used for the diagnosis of a specific type of disorder

Question 11

DSM

Answer 11

the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, now in its 5th edition

Question 12

dyscalculia

Answer 12

a learning disability that affects acquisition of mathematical concepts and skills

Question 13

dyslexia

Answer 13

a learning disability characterised by significant difficulties with accurate and fluent word reading, spelling and writing words

Question 14

dyspraxia

Answer 14

a learning disability that affects coordination of physical movements, which may include the muscles for speaking, it is a specific learning disability that impairs acquisition and/or execution of skills required for motor coordination and possibly speech

Question 15

ICD

Answer 15

International Classification of Diseases, now in its 11th edition

Question 16

labelling

Answer 16

in mental health, the process of classifying an individual as having a specific mental disorder following a diagnosis

Question 17

learning difficulty

Answer 17

any disorder that impairs learning and results in the person learning with greater difficulty than a person without the disorder

Question 18

learning disability

Answer 18

any disorder that impairs learning and results in the person learning with greater difficulty than a person without the disorder

Question 19

maladaptive behaviour

Answer 19

any behaviour that interferes with a person’s ability to successfully adjust to the environment and fulfil their typical roles in society; compare with adaptive behaviour

Question 20

mental disorder

Answer 20

a diagnosable psychological or behavioural condition that that impairs everyday functioning

Question 21

mental health worker

Answer 21

mental health professionals and organisations who provide support services for the diagnosis and management of atypical behaviour or for mental wellbeing in general

Question 22

neurodiversity

Answer 22

describes people whose neurological development and cognitive functioning are atypical and therefore deviate from what is considered typical or normal in the general population

Question 23

neurotypicality

Answer 23

describes people whose neurological development and cognitive functioning are typical, conforming to what most people would consider to be normal in the general population

Question 24

personal distress

Answer 24

when an individual is extremely upset and suffering emotionally

Question 25

psychiatrist

Answer 25

a medical doctor who has obtained additional qualifications to specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses

Question 26

psychologist

Answer 26

a professional trained in the science of how people think, feel and behave; can only work as a psychologist or use that title if formally registered by the relevant Board

Question 27

self-stigma

Answer 27

when an individual accepts the negative views and reactions of others, internalises them, and applies them to themself; see also social stigma

Question 28

social norm

Answer 28

a widely held standard that governs what people should and should not do in different situations, especially in relation to others

Question 29

social stigma

Answer 29

the negative attitudes and beliefs held in the wider community that lead people to fear, exclude, avoid or unfairly discriminate against people with a disorder

Question 30

statistical rarity

Answer 30

refers to someone who is atypical in some way, and because of that, they are engaging in behaviour that is considered abnormal

Question 31

stigma

Answer 31

a sign of social disapproval or social deficiency, often involving shame or disgrace

Question 32

typical behaviour

Answer 32

behaviour that would usually occur and is appropriate and expected in a given situation; compare with atypical behaviour

Question 33

typical development

Answer 33

development that is the same as the norm in being usual, representative and characteristic