Psychology - Research Methods - Self Reports

Question 1

Self-report techniques

Answer 1

Methods where participants give information about themselves without the researcher interfering

Question 2

Interviews

Answer 2

Asking questions face to face

Question 3

what are the types of interviews?

Answer 3

structured, semi-structured, unstructured

Question 4

Structured interview

Answer 4

All participants answer the same questions in the same order providing quantitative data. Consists of closed questions

Question 5

What are the advantages of a structured interview?

Answer 5

• Misunderstandings can be clarified so question can be repeated to help understanding - Quick interviews compared to unstructured, less time consuming

Question 6

What are the disadvantages of structured interviews?

Answer 6

• Risk of interviewer effect making data invalid - lacks indepth data so less valid

Question 7

unstructured interview

Answer 7

Informal, in-depth conversational exchange between interviewer and interviewee. Questions are not pre planned and consist of themes the interviewer wants to discuss, Provides qualitative data

Question 8

What are the advantages of unstructured interviews?

Answer 8

• More data produced so more valid - Creates rapport between interviewer and interviewee - Useful for sensitive and controversial topics

Question 9

What are the disadvantages of unstructured interviews?

Answer 9

• Social desirability bias so invalid or inaccurate results - interviews need to be well trained

Question 10

Semi-structured interview

Answer 10

Combines a mix of structured and unstructured techniques producing both quantitative and qualitative data with open and closed questions

Question 11

What are the advantages of semi structured interviews?

Answer 11

• Both quantitative and qualitative data so more valid - Reliable as some questions are planned so people get same questions

Question 12

What are the disadvantages of semi structured interviews?

Answer 12

• Time consuming - A lot of data to process

Question 13

Questionnaires

Answer 13

self-administered, written sets of questions

Question 14

What type of questions appear in questionnaires?

Answer 14

Closed and open questions

Question 15

What type of data is produced from closed questions?

Answer 15

Quantitative data

Question 16

What type of data is produced from open questions?

Answer 16

Qualitative data

Question 17

Quantitative data

Answer 17

Data that can be counted or expressed numerically

Question 18

Qualitative data

Answer 18

Non-numerical data that uses words to give a description of what people think and feel

Question 19

Closed questions

Answer 19

Require participants to answer yes or no or choose from fixed responses

Question 20

Open questions

Answer 20

Allows the participant to answer in their own words

Question 21

designs of questionnaires

Answer 21

1) Type of data 2) Ambiguity 3) Double barrelled questions 4) Leading questions 5) Complexity

Question 22

What are the advantages of questionnaires?

Answer 22

• Quick and easy and cheaper than interviews - Easy to replicate so high reliability

Question 23

what are the disadvantages of questionnaires?

Answer 23

• Ambiguous and wording may be unclear, leading to invalid information - Low response rate