Psychology Quiz Unit 1

Question 1

What is psychology?

Answer 1

Science of Behaviour and Mental Processes

Question 2

Goals of Psychology

Answer 2

Description - info about behaviour
Explanation - explain why
Prediction - prediction in the future
Influence - influence in a helpful way
Modify - research or change
Control - psychological principals

Question 3

Method of Psychology

Answer 3

Survey - collection of info
Data - investigation abd hypothesis, scientifically tested
Case Studies - depth study of person, group or event

Question 4

What is the Scientific Method?

Answer 4

Question
Hypothesis
Result
Conclusion
Theory - Additional hypothesis or reject and revise hypothesis
Other Psychologists

Question 5

Origin of Psychology

Answer 5

Greece 5th - 6th century BC, Greek phillosphers began method of observation in terms of human perception

Question 6

Mid 1500’s Psychology

Answer 6

Copernicus, Earth is not the centerof universe. Observation becomes a key element in science procedure

Question 7

17th Century Psychology

Answer 7

Rene Descartes, the mind controls the body’s movement, sensations and perceptions

Question 8

19th Century Psychology

Answer 8

Darwin, It is not the strongest of the species that survives, not the most intelligent that survives, it is the one that is most adaptable to change.

Question 9

What are the recent approaches to psychology?

Answer 9

Psychoanalysis
Behaviourism
Humanism
Cognitism
Structuralism
Functionalism

Question 10

What is Structualism?

Answer 10

-Thinking and Feeling

Wilhem Wundt (1832-1920)
-measured observations and conducted expierements
- Wundt Expierement, measured the reaction time related to perception, mind to body using a button and ball
- focused on basic elements and structure of the mind

Edward Titchener
-introspection, study of parts of the mind
- relied on self report, report sensations and elements of expierence

Question 11

What is Functionalism?

Answer 11

• Purpose of thoughts and feelings

William James (1800)
- consiousness serves as a function, allow us to consider past, present, etc.
- considered the evolved function of feelings and thoughts
- analyzed the evolution of the brain, wrote principles of psychology

Mary W Calkins (1800’s)
- became pioneering memory researcher, first female president of APA (American Psychological Association)

Margaret Floy Washburn (1800’s)
- second APA president
- explore existence of conscoius process such as learning and attention

Question 12

What is Psychoanalysis?

Answer 12

Sigmund Freud (late 1800’s)
-founder of psychoanalysis
- studied and help people with mental disorder
-school study and treatment mainly of the role of the unconcious mind
-used new method for unconcious process

techniques
- free association
- dream analysis
- hypnotherapy
- rorscarch test
- psychoanalytic talk

strengths
- influenced modern psychology
- provides guidance of the unconcious and concious mind

weaknesses
- too open to interpretation
- ambigous data, no proof

Question 13

What is the Roscarch test?

Answer 13

Test focuses on perception and approach to images

Question 14

What is Id, Ego and Superego?

Answer 14

Id - the part of us that is more dominant, primitive part of our personality. Protective and Selfish
Ego - is the part between Id and Superego
Superego - the part of us that is giving and unselfish, moral society

Question 15

What is Behaviourism?

Answer 15

John B Watson - psycholgy describe, predict, control behaviour
Ivan Pavlor - classical conditioning and conditioned reflex
B:F Skinner - Operant conditions, reward and punishment (OCD, phobia, anxiety)

Techniques
- classical conditioning
- operant conditioning (reward and punishment
- habitation/ exposure therapy

Used in psychology labs, schools, child discipline, training animals

strength
- scientific
- testable
- supported by research

Question 16

What is Humanism?

Answer 16

Abraham Maslov 1908-1970
Carl Royere 1902-1987
- human nature is intamately good because it makes us who we are and makes us different, further on we also learn to adapt to these differences

-the humanistic psychologist emphasized importance of enviorment, growth and potiental and needs for love and acceptance

Techniques
- Maslov’s hierarchy pyramid of needs
- power of positve affirmation
- growth mindset or self esteem
- active listening
- active, affirm talk
- client centered therapy

strength
- positive viewpoint of human nature
- encouraging for the field of education and children

• difficult to prove true or false
• how do you know when you are self actualizing

Question 17

What are the five layers of Maslov’s Hierarchy Pyramid?

Answer 17

Self Actualization - desire to be the most one can be
Esteem - Respect, self esteem, status, recognition, freedom
Love and Belonging - Friendship, intimacy, family connection
Safety Needs - Personal security, health, employment, home
Psycological Needs - Air, water, food, clothes, shelter

Question 18

What is Cognitive?

Answer 18

Jean Piaget 1890-1980
Noam Chamsky 1902-1987

• the study of why people do things rather than what to do
• studies mental processes (problem solving, thinking, etc)

Question 19

What is Cognitive Distortion?

Answer 19

Cognitive Distortion, focuses on how belief and thought influence emotions and decisions

-castrophizing, predicting the worst possible outcome
-mind reading, assume what others think, often negatively
-overgeneralization, take one negative situations and generalize to similar situations

Question 20

How do we change Cognitive Distortion?

Answer 20

• CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) identify distorted thoughts and challenge, evaluate evidence for and against it

Cognitive Restoration, exercise positive thoughts to modify thought patterns

Self Monitoring, individuals track their thoughts and feelings to identidy triggers or patterns

Question 21

What are the 8 Multiple Intellengencies?

Answer 21

• musical-rhythmic (music/rhythms)
• visual-spatial (arts and crafts)
• verbal-linguistic (problem solving)
• logical-mathematical (mathmatics)
• bodily-kinesthetic (dance or action)
• interpersonal (interaction with others)
• intrapersonal (understand oneself)
• naturalistic (enviorment)