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Psychology Preview Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Used to be the study of mental life.
Derived by philosophy and biology.

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2
Q

Behavior

A

Any action that can be recorded or observed

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3
Q

Mental Processes

A

Things that the human mind can do naturally.

Inferred from behavior

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4
Q

Seperable (Body and Mind)

A

Assumes that knowledge is innate (natural).

Socrates and Plato

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5
Q

Inseperable (Body and Mind)

A

Knowledge comes from experience.

Aristotle

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6
Q

John Locke

A

Empiricism

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7
Q

Empiricism

A

Basically the foundation of science. Knowledge comes from observations

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8
Q

Edward B. Titchner

A

Introduced a school of structuralism (explores the basic elements of mind) using the method of introspection (The examination of one’s CONSCIOUS thoughts)

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9
Q

William James

A

Introduced a school of functionalism. (focuses on how mental and behavioral processes allow an organism to adapt, survive and flourish)

Author of the first psychology textbook and the first American Psychologist.

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10
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A

The first female president of the American Psychological Association

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11
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

The first woman to receive a Ph.D in psychology.

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12
Q

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

A

Humanistic Psychology - emphasizes on the growth potential of healthy people.

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13
Q

Cognitive nueroscience

A

The study of the interaction of thought processes and brain function.

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14
Q

Biopsychological Approach of Study

A

Makes up of three main components; biological, psychological, and social cultural.

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15
Q

Evolutionary Perspective

A

How natural selection influences behavior tendencies.

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16
Q

Behavior Genetics Perspective

A

How genes and enviornment influence different individuals.

17
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective (Psychoanalysis)

A

Believes that behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.

Sigmuend Frued - Founder of Psychoanalysis

18
Q

Behavioral Perspective (Behaviorism)

A

Studies the mechanisms in how observable responses are acquired and changed.

John B. Watson - Founder of behaviorism

B.F. Skinner - perhaps the most famous American psychologist (responses)

19
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

Looks at how our brain processes information.

Jean Piaget

20
Q

Social Cultural Perspective

A

Studies how thinking and behavior are different in different social situations

21
Q

Nuerosciene Perspective

A

Studies how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.

22
Q

Basic Research

A

Build the knowledge base.

23
Q

Applied Research

A

Seeks solution to practical problems.

24
Q

Counseling Psychologists

A

Study and treat troubled people.

25
Q

Clinical Psychologists

A

Help people cope with problems.

26
Q

Psychiatrists

A

Provides psychotherapy and treat physical causes of psychological disorders.

27
Q

Part 2

A

Please flip to the next page.

28
Q

Gestalt

A

Looks at how people organize their perceptions and combined sensory elements to produce new patterns.
(Study of Perception)

29
Q

Positive Psychology

A

Optimal human functioning and the factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive.

30
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Founder of modern psychology

Began the very first lab in Germany.

31
Q

Inez Beverly Prosser

A

First African-American female to earn a Ph.D. in psychology

32
Q

Francis Cecil Sumner

A

First African-American male psychology ph.D. recipient

33
Q

Part 3

A

Please flip to the next page.

34
Q

Survey

A

The questioning of a person, and requesting them to give an answer themselves.

35
Q

Case Study

A

One person studied in depth

36
Q

False Consensus

A

The tendency to think that other people are like you.

37
Q

Population

A

Looking at a certain group, and the only the group

38
Q

Random Sample

A

Random and everyone is included

Psychology (3 decks)

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