Psychology Preview Flashcards
Psychology
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Used to be the study of mental life.
Derived by philosophy and biology.
Behavior
Any action that can be recorded or observed
Mental Processes
Things that the human mind can do naturally.
Inferred from behavior
Seperable (Body and Mind)
Assumes that knowledge is innate (natural).
Socrates and Plato
Inseperable (Body and Mind)
Knowledge comes from experience.
Aristotle
John Locke
Empiricism
Empiricism
Basically the foundation of science. Knowledge comes from observations
Edward B. Titchner
Introduced a school of structuralism (explores the basic elements of mind) using the method of introspection (The examination of one’s CONSCIOUS thoughts)
William James
Introduced a school of functionalism. (focuses on how mental and behavioral processes allow an organism to adapt, survive and flourish)
Author of the first psychology textbook and the first American Psychologist.
Mary Whiton Calkins
The first female president of the American Psychological Association
Margaret Floy Washburn
The first woman to receive a Ph.D in psychology.
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Humanistic Psychology - emphasizes on the growth potential of healthy people.
Cognitive nueroscience
The study of the interaction of thought processes and brain function.
Biopsychological Approach of Study
Makes up of three main components; biological, psychological, and social cultural.
Evolutionary Perspective
How natural selection influences behavior tendencies.
Behavior Genetics Perspective
How genes and enviornment influence different individuals.
Psychodynamic Perspective (Psychoanalysis)
Believes that behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.
Sigmuend Frued - Founder of Psychoanalysis
Behavioral Perspective (Behaviorism)
Studies the mechanisms in how observable responses are acquired and changed.
John B. Watson - Founder of behaviorism
B.F. Skinner - perhaps the most famous American psychologist (responses)
Cognitive Perspective
Looks at how our brain processes information.
Jean Piaget
Social Cultural Perspective
Studies how thinking and behavior are different in different social situations
Nuerosciene Perspective
Studies how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
Basic Research
Build the knowledge base.
Applied Research
Seeks solution to practical problems.
Counseling Psychologists
Study and treat troubled people.
Clinical Psychologists
Help people cope with problems.
Psychiatrists
Provides psychotherapy and treat physical causes of psychological disorders.
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Gestalt
Looks at how people organize their perceptions and combined sensory elements to produce new patterns.
(Study of Perception)
Positive Psychology
Optimal human functioning and the factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive.
Wilhelm Wundt
Founder of modern psychology
Began the very first lab in Germany.
Inez Beverly Prosser
First African-American female to earn a Ph.D. in psychology
Francis Cecil Sumner
First African-American male psychology ph.D. recipient
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Survey
The questioning of a person, and requesting them to give an answer themselves.
Case Study
One person studied in depth
False Consensus
The tendency to think that other people are like you.
Population
Looking at a certain group, and the only the group
Random Sample
Random and everyone is included
