Modules 2 and 3 Flashcards
Hindsight Bias
How we perceive history as more predictable than they actually were.
Theory
A logical explanation of one or more phenomena organized.
Hypothesis
a testable prediction, often implied by a theory.
Replication
Repeating experiments with different variables.
Case Study
A group studied in depth.
Survey
A descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of the group.
Population
All of the people in a group being studied, in which you can take samples from.
Random Sample
A sample that fairly represents a population.
Naturalistic Observation
Just observing occurring situations without manipulating the variables.
Correlations (Illusory)
A measure that two factors agree with each other, thus how well the factors predict the other.
Correlation Coefficent
A statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1.00 to +1.00).
Experiment
A research method where the investigator manipulates the independent variable to observe the effect.
Single & Double Blind
Single blind - One side of the researchers, or the test subjects are ignorant of whether they have received treatment or placebo.
Double blind - Both the researchers and the test subjects are ignorant of whether they have received treatment or placebo.
Placebo Effect
Experimental results caused by expectations.
Experimental Condition
The levels of the independent variable that is manipulated by the researcher in order to assess the effect
Control Condition
A condition that does not show the remedy to the groups.
Random Assignment
Assigning test subjects to different groups by random.
Independent Variable
The manipulated one.
Dependent Variable
The data.
Operational Definition
Descriptive procedure of the research study.
Confounding Variable
Another variable that may influence the current variables.
Mode
The most number that occurs.
Median
The middle
Mean
Add all of them and find the average.
Range
The big score minus the small score.
Standard Deviation
a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
Statistical Significance
A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance.
Overconfidence
More confident than correct, usually of judgement and beliefs.
APA Ethical Code of Conduct
- Discuss intellectual property frankly.
- Be conscious of multiple roles.
- Follow informed-consent rules.
- Respect confidentiality and privacy.
- Tap into ethics resources.
